Author Interview with David Scott Hay

Damien Roos, an incredible part of our PANK family, sat down to talk to David Scott Hay about his novel, The Fountain.

ORDER THE FOUNTAIN HERE

Intro: In David Scott Hay’s new novel, The Fountain, a water fountain at the Museum of Contemporary Art in Chicago magically grants drinkers the ability to create exactly one masterpiece of their own, a gift that carries dire consequences. The Fountain is a mad dash, meta and epic and loud. Hay shreds fine art culture and all its pretensions, sounding the call for true artists to do the very thing they were born to do: Create.

His small press debut, The Fountain is scheduled for winter release by Whisk(e)y Tit, a publisher proudly “committed to restoring degradation and degeneracy to the literary arts”. It will also be translated and released in Russia in 2022. Order now at The Fountain | Whisk(e)y Tit (whiskeytit.com).

In this interview, we cover a range of topics such as authenticity in art, drugs as a creative crutch and Ted Lasso. Also, we drink.

Damien Roos: I decided on Yuengling Black & Tan for this interview. It’s sort of a November go-to for me. I assume you’re drinking the patented Old Fashioned you mention in your author bio? 

David Scott Hay: Yes, with less of the simple syrup in this batch. I’m actually drinking it out of a Whiskey Tit glass. Swag from the publisher. Can you see the logo? 

DR: Oh, that’s nice. Yes, the W logo.

DSH: When I pitched Miette, the editor of Whiskey Tit, my first line was, “If we end up working together, I’m going to get a tattoo of your logo.” And then I flew out to AWP (Association of Writers and Writers Programs) to meet her. This was just a year and a half ago, right before everything got locked down. And Miette was like, “Where’s the tattoo?” and I was like, “Where’s the book?”   

DR: [laughs] 

DSH: I haven’t gotten the tattoo because the book hasn’t come out yet.

DR: Well, as a read, The Fountain is the sort of book in which you can really sense the author’s glee. It seemed like you had a lot of fun writing it.

DSH: It’s funny that you say that. Lauren Groff was one of my thesis readers. She said the book felt like it was written with half-repressed glee, or something to that effect. 

Yes, the book was joyfully written. I wrote it in secret, so I didn’t have any outside pressure, or whatever. At that time, I was building furniture, and Bob Bellio (the real-life protagonist in The Fountain) was across the hall creating sculptures. If I had an idea, I would write a chapter here and there, just exploring different characters. I would go 6 months without looking at the manuscript. Then I’d check out a show or something, or have an inspiring conversation, and I would go back and revisit. I’ve done a number of screenplays and plays and books, but the process always seems to be a little different every time and I think that’s what keeps me from feeling like I’m just hammering out something. Which is different than building furniture, where there’s a very linear process. You design it, you go get the wood, you bring it back, you do your rough cuts, you sand, you put it together, stain it, lacquer it, and do the final touches or whatever. 

With a book, especially one that’s very scattershot, it’s like, “Okay, now I need to start connecting the dots and putting stuff together.” I finally gave some chapters to a good friend of mine and he was like, “Yeah, this is good, keep going.” And I got to a point where I realized it would take me another 10 years to finish the book. So I was like, “Oh, let’s go to grad school. I’ll already have the jump on things.” And then I went to work.  Smoothed it out to where everything worked craft-wise, solved head-hopping issues and what not.

But in the initial stages, I just wrote freely. Whatever amused me and made me laugh, I wrote. There are so many inside jokes with friends of mine and snippets of song lyrics in that book. Some of my favorite opening lines from books are even buried in there. I won’t say which ones but…it just made me happy. My thesis advisor got through it and was like, “I know there are a lot of coded references in here. The ones I caught were amazing.” It really elevated the joy of it. 

DR: And did you set out to do a takedown of art culture and commodification, or did the narrative just take on that message? 

DSH: Narrative on this one. I was at the Museum of Contemporary Art and I swear to God, this is what happened. We’re walking along, checking out contemporary pieces. I mean, you talk about the old masters and stuff like that, “I got no beef.” But with contemporary art, I’m like, “Well, that is a big red cube, I can do that. My kid has done that…is it art?” So, it gets controversial. My whole litmus test is this: “If I can do it, it’s not art.” So, I’m looking at the red cube and going, “Well, that’s not art,” But then sometimes you get some stuff that really affects you. I saw one particular piece at the MCA, and that was kind of the inspiration for Tabitha’s piece in the book. 

DR: What piece did you see that affected you?

DSH: It was a Lee Bontecou retrospective. I can’t remember a specific piece, but I know it was a combination of her mobiles and sculptural work. I don’t think I glanced at her ink work.  But her mobiles… “Oh, this is actually crafted and it’s doing something and I’m physically drawn towards it. Her work was not easily dismissed.” And we continued along and came upon a water fountain with a little bubble man on it and the little dots going up for the water. You know, like the generic bubble people they use on restroom signs? 

DR: Yes. 

DSH: It was one of those inspirational moments. I’ve only had a handful of those, a lot of times it’s just craft and curiosity, hoping for discovery. But every now and then I get an idea that’s like, “Okay, so, what if people took a drink of water from this fountain and became these brilliant artists?” And then they had the Kiddie Art Exhibit area at the MCA too. Same thing. I saw it and was like, “Oh, wouldn’t it be funny if somebody actually created something in the Kiddie Art Exhibit area that rivaled whatever? What would that look like?” I couldn’t shake the idea.

DR: I want to talk about the water fountain. Like, the device itself. As the story goes, a drink from it grants a person the ability to create exactly one masterpiece, and then they die soon after. I read it as basically symbolic of the often destructive nature of artistic creation, the “staring into the abyss” aspect that sometimes manifests as addiction, depression, or dysfunctional living. Is my analysis on track?

DSH: Perhaps in hindsight. It was really as simple as just going off the premise. So, literally, it’s not so deep– the inspiration, after all, was the little bubble man drinking the water and a question of “What if?”. Write for story and cut for theme.

That said, it’s really a matter of authenticity. Ross Robert, who starts as a minor character and becomes a main one by the end, has a problem with being authentic with himself. And the dilemma with the water helps him realize that. His wife is like, “No, there’s no instant anything to successful art. Art has to be self-expression and it has to be authentic.” So, there’s a little bit of that whole “just add water” adage, right? Literally, just add water, Damien, and you can have an artistic masterpiece, and fame and fortune. But no, for him art is therapy and he’s working out something. He’s exploring something. And that’s what I did with The Fountain. It started off as a joke, like “What would happen?” It’s the high concept pitch, right? And then I have to argue every side; for, against, and their temptations and rationalizations. 

DR: I believe one of the characters states that some artists use heroin, some are heavy drinkers etc. There’s that element of self-destruction. 

DSH: All those junkies and drinkers. Yes, yes, yes. That’s the thing that makes me happy, getting to explore all these different sides of the argument. Tabby, the character you mention, came from the Midwest, never had an artistic bone in her body, drinks from the fountain, suddenly gets all this attention. Right? 

DR: Yes. 

DSH: This younger art critic is suddenly like her little boy toy and she’s got these art students worshipping her. She justifies it like, “Why is this any different than doing heroin or taking LSD or doing anything else? It unlocked my potential.” That’s her argument and, as a reader, you’re going to be like, “Well, yes, The Doors, I’m sure did a little of something and Johnny Cash sure did something too.” Her argument is that everybody needs a little help. 

DR: Yes. I think it’s a compelling one, too. Maybe I took that thread and really ran with it in a way that you may have not even intended as an author. But that might also be because numerous pop cultural references you cite in the work would fall into that category. 

DSH: And what does that say about a successful artist? They all had access. There’s no leg up. I mean, what if the Beatles hadn’t discovered drugs? And thank God Fentanyl wasn’t popular in the ’60s.

But that’s also the time, right? Hendrix was doing drugs. Everybody was doing drugs. The Stones were doing drugs. The Beatles were doing drugs. The Beatles were thugs pretending to be gentlemen. The Rolling Stones were gentlemen pretending to be thugs. It is what it is.

I mean I’ve written sober, I’ve written stoned, I’ve written drunk, I’ve written however. I’ve written while feeling sick, I’ve written sober. The difference in output is negligible. As long as I’m not assholing my way from point A to point B.  But yes, you could argue it’s like a creative crutch. Right? 

DR: Sure. Could be to some. 

DSH: Of course, the water fountain is the ultimate crutch. The Beatles still have to sit together writing songs and they still have to figure out musical problems, even when they’re drinking or high or whatever… 

DR: And they had talent, of course. 

DSH: Tabby gives that as an excuse. But at the end of the day, she’s not drinking alcohol, she’s not getting high. She has no talent. No sense of craft. She took a drink of water and she made this thing. Suddenly, her whole life has changed. 

And then she was unable to replicate it. It’s the Sophomore Slump at age 70. There’s that panic with her, like, “I need another drink of water.” Because in her mind, that’s what did it. She’s craving the drug for success and I guess digging deeper into the idea that some artists use drugs or stimulants or whatever as part of their process. That her rationale.

DR: I guess I’m trying to even go a little deeper into the rabbit hole with this question. But it’s not even necessarily, like, the performance enhancement aspect. That’s not even what interests me as much.

There’s the quote from Nietzsche about gazing into the abyss, and how the abyss eventually gazes back. I feel like for artists, writers and musicians, their work may take a toll mentally, spiritually, whatever, that people feel they have to alleviate chemically or something. 

DSH: Are you talking about in terms of part of their process, or part of the recharge? 

DR: I would say the recharge. But I guess it can spill into either category. I think for some people, like the musicians in that era that you were just discussing, it was a lifestyle thing, too.

DSH: I think for the people we referenced from the 60s drugs were certainly a part of their lifestyle. But they were still working their craft.

If you want to talk about the Eagles, or Jackson Browne, or the Laurel Canyon scene, or whatever, those guys were building a network. They were jamming with friends. They were learning. They were listening to records, trying to figure out how the fuck they did certain things. 

For those guys, I think it was part of the lifestyle, maybe. Creatively, it was a baseline  throughout. But those guys talked to one another, they hung out with one another, they showed each other chord progressions, they sang campfire songs. They were really in a culture that fostered creativity and sharing. And yes, I’m sure there was mutual recharging as well. There’s a lot of pressure on every level.

DR: And everyone approaches their craft differently, of course. Writers, for example, prioritize different aspects of storytelling.

DSH: Yup. People in Hollywood and MFA programs talk about, “Raise the conflict. Conflict, conflict, conflict.” And for me it’s, “No, establish the connection. Bolster the connection. Conflict doesn’t matter if there’s no connection. Don’t bother upping the stakes if there’s no connection.”

Sometimes the level of conflict I want is Ted Lasso or Peppa Pig. Which if you don’t have kids, you wouldn’t know Peppa Pig. It’s a show for very young grade schoolers featuring pigs with English accents. It’s all polite misunderstandings or things being misplaced. Sometimes that’s the level of conflict I want. 

It’s a little “All right, let’s figure it out. Hey, we’re going to sing the song. Figure things out,” That’s what I want. Marvel’s like, “The known universe is going to be destroyed.” But with The Fountain it’s like, “Oh, it comes down to personal choice and whatever. I say that knowing it has apocalyptic undertones.” Do you watch Ted Lasso? 

DR: Everyone’s asking that. I guess I need to get around to it.

DSH: It’s very fun. It’s very heartfelt. But the conflict is very low. It’s just navigating relationships, hurt feelings and all that. If you have the connection, you can have that low-level conflict seem big. Then any conflict, whether it’s a misunderstanding or somebody’s ignoring somebody, it gets heightened emotionally. 

DR: Let’s go ahead and move to Bill Hicks, who you mention in this book. He was railing against over commodification and “brand culture” back in the 90s, when the idea of selling out was an actual problem that artists considered. This might be why I ultimately read your work as precisely the dystopian nightmare that Hicks seems to be warning us about. 

DSH: I think in retrospect, that works. I don’t know.  Consciously, I wasn’t trying to do it. Again, it was this kind of exploration of the premise.

DR: Retrospect would be fine. I mean, it’s a very dystopian novel for anyone who’s involved in the arts. It’s kind of frightening, right? 

DSH: Well, there is the commodification of the water, of course. And the curator of the MCA doesn’t know how it works. He doesn’t even care how it works. He knows you can only get one masterpiece out of each person who drinks. He’s not curious. That’s a big Ted Lasso thing, being curious. And the curator is not. He just knows this is good for the museum and good for his pockets. And later while the character of B is presented with a great financial opportunity, any sense of selling out is completely flooded away by the freedom the windfall would provide. He’s done with his war.

In regards to Bill Hicks, I always liked his joke about Willie Nelson selling out, and he’s like, “That’s okay. He owes the IRS a $100 million. He can cash in. Willie is given a free pass because he’s Willie fucking Nelson.” I love it.

DR: So, let’s get some insight into how you craft your characters. I notice for example that the antagonist critic Duckworth shares the same affinity for antique typewriters that you express in your bio. Likewise, the loveable badass Jawbone apparently suffered a similar miter saw accident as yourself. Do you believe there are pieces of writers in all the characters they create? 

DSH: Yeah. Part of it is laziness, I guess. Part of it is also that I’m a big fan of The Conversations: Walter Murch and the Art of Editing Film by Michael Ondaatje. It’s such a great book. Michael Ondaatje, a not-too-shabby writer, interviews Walter Murch a few times over. It’s one of the few books I have. It’s dog-eared. I got Post-it notes everywhere in it. 

A lot of writers are like, “Oh, I can’t read your book right now because I’m writing and I don’t want it to influence me.” I adopted that for a while. Walter Murch was like, “No, no, no. These are spark points.” His dad was a painter and would lay out canvas in their New York apartment hallway. So, all these people would actually step and then walk on his canvas and then he would pick up the canvas and he would paint but he would still have the footprints of people on it. He talked about spark points and was like, “When I’m editing, I watch everything, I listen to the radio. If I hear a jingle that’s got a weird rhythm, I’ll try that in the editing.” He allows his outside world to influence him in terms of art at that moment. For me, that was really freeing. 

So, I was like, “Yeah, I’m going to give Jawbone my finger thing.”  Because I lost the tip of my finger in a chop saw accident, right? I’m going to give her that because that’s something that happened to me. I can certainly describe how it happened. Same with the chicken fried rice incident. But the old saying is “just because it happened to you doesn’t mean it’s interesting.” So how do I make that interesting and serve my story?

So, in The Fountain, every character has something that happened to me and/or a feature I thought was interesting or I had done a deep-dive into. 

DR: Well, tell me this, while we’re still on the topic of characters. I’m curious to know: Ross Robards’ character is inspired by Bob Ross, I assume? 

DSH: Uh-huh. 

DR: Yes. Okay. And how did that idea come about? 

DSH: Twenty years ago, I saw a stand-up comic who did a bit about Bob Ross being a Vietnam Veteran with PTSD. And he did a little 3-minute bit. It wasn’t super funny. My dad’s a Vietnam Vet. But the way he did it stuck with me for so long and every time I saw Bob Ross I was waiting for him to go off his tit. And 20 years later I needed an example of a commercially successful artist for my novel. I need somebody who has done the work and been successful. Right? 

DR: Yes. 

DSH: And Bob Ross seemed to be the most generic successful artist. I was like, “Okay, I’m going to make him Bob Ross. It’s going to be Ross Robards. I’ll change the name into something less obvious.” Which I never did.

DR: So, you basically stuck one of those disguises on him with the glasses and the fake nose thinking we wouldn’t know the difference.  

DSH: Yes, I Grouched him. So, it’s also, “Okay, that’s my character, what’s his reaction of the things that are going on? What’s his backstory? What’s his point of view?” And Ross is the commercially successful artist and fuck him for having had success. But in writing him I realized he probably has the strongest artistic point of view of anybody in there. Jawbone kind of equivocates about the water and Ross is like, “No. Art is about what comes from within, it’s about working out whatever problems you have, and it is an outlet.” I mean, he is a stronger point of view character. He doesn’t compromise his point of view about art. He digs his heels in and, actually, his point of view becomes stronger. So, that pleased me because he wasn’t becoming a joke character. 

DR: Probably my favorite question The Fountain presented concerned the value of the artistic end versus the inherent worth of the artistic process. And I know it’s something that you’ve talked a little bit about. And so, basically, a drink from the fountain is like the ultimate hack for hacks, allowing anyone to produce one masterpiece before the water kills them. I’m kind of curious to hear your direct thoughts about that question too. Process versus pure end result. Can’t beauty maybe just sometimes be easy?

DSH: Yes. Beauty can be easy. Like a dandelion or rose or nature. It can stimulate afterward. But we also know that’s evolution, the green fuse, that it takes time to get to that particular point. Writing The Fountain was a process. I came up with a premise and I explored it. And I’d gone through an MFA program and bolstered my craft and really focused on how to fold the story back in so it became coherent and cohesive. Connections, right?

But, sure, art can be effortless too. I can’t imagine that Jackson Pollock towards the end of his life was really stressing over those last paintings. I mean, somebody did a Red Cube at the MCA. Not a lot of talent is involved. Still, it’s kind of under the shield of art. Right?  Everything is art. It can be art. And it’s like, “Well, come on.” To me, art always needs to have a little bit of craft behind it. Even if we’re talking about a rose or a dandelion. There’s a line in Rian Hughes’ XX that gob smacked me. This SOB nailed it in one sentence: “In short, she saw that there was an art to Art, and that it was not something magical or transcendent, but a craft, and good art – the type that could really move you, that you felt with your diaphragm rather than your intellect – was simply the endgame of being very good at your craft.”

DR: I figure this is probably a good one to end on. I found it funny how Jawbone and B so often express the ultimate anxiety of any artist, the worry that they are frauds, doubting their own authenticity as artists. I wonder if this is something that you’ve felt yourself and if it’s a feeling that haunted you while writing the book. 

DSH: No, no, no. Well, maybe sometimes a fraud. I did Chicago Theater and I know so many actors and playwrights I talked to had that feeling of, “I’m a fraud and they’re going to find me out because I’m not Edward Albee.” Look, there’s only one Edward Albee, there’s only one Shakespeare. And there’s only one Jackson Pollock, and there’s only one whomever, right? I’m not competing with Tom Wolfe. I’m not competing with the Met. I think some people with talent and a dollop of self-awareness have a tendency to think, “If I’m not as good as the greats, then what I have to say doesn’t have value.” Again, I’ve never had that feeling where I’ve felt like a fraud. But I’ve had that moment where people have taken me seriously and I feel a certain responsibility to seem like I know what I’m talking about. To have answers and to present them in a coherent manner. 

The closest to feeling like a fraud vibe comes from working on a first draft and that a little voice telling me it’s not as strong as my last polished work. Of course, it isn’t. But that’s my biggest creative fear, I guess, or obstacle. I don’t trust the process. I’m very suspicious of it, for whatever reason.  But when I do it’s a very joyful process.

I think for some reason writers, and I’m projecting of course, with any kind of self-reflection or self-awareness feel like frauds because they feel like, as I said, if I can do it, it’s not art, right? Well, I wrote a book. I spent a lot of time on it, crafting it, making myself laugh. If people react well to it and connect with it, then there’s something of merit to it. I have to believe that whatever I’m working on has something of merit that people might connect with, maybe become a spark point.

David Scott Hay by Mycki Manning

David Scott Hay is an award-winning playwright, screenwriter and novelist who once lost the tip of a finger to a chop-saw in Chicago. He lives in Los Angeles with his wife, son, dog, chickens and a dozen typewriters. Find him on DavidScottHay.com.

Damien Roos is an MFA candidate in Fiction at The New School, a former editorial fellow at Guernica Magazine and a reader for PANK. His work has appeared in such outlets as New South Journal, The Master’s Review and Gravel. He lives in New York City with his wife and bluenose pit bull. damienroos.com

“Opportunities for curiosity and generosity”: an interview with Peter Ramos

(Routledge, 2019)

Naya Clark discusses with Peter Ramos his book Poetic Encounters in the Americas: Remarkable Bridge. In Remarkable Bridge Ramos delves into what goes into poetic translations, referencing poets such as James Wright and César Vallejo; Walt Whitman, Pablo Neruda and Langston Hughes; Luis Palés Matos and William Carlos Williams; Elizabeth Bishop and Octavio Paz, and more.

In this interview, Ramos answers questions regarding how language and place literally and figuratively cross boundaries and connect poets to one another’s works. He also uncovers how references impact their own origins, and the difference in academic and poetic writing in his writing processes.

Naya Clark: In what other ways do you think language overcomes and infiltrates socio-political blockages for people? 

Peter Ramos: That’s a good and tricky question. Or maybe the answer is tricky. There is, on the one hand, the undeniable fact that there are plenty of words and cultural items that find their way into U.S. culture. Let’s take the most basic example: food. I’m sure there are plenty of people in the States who enjoy Mexican food, tequila, etc. And I’m equally convinced that some portion of these people are vocally opposed to Mexican immigrants.  So, there’s that. But even with food, I think (and Anthony Bourdain made this point over and over again in his shows) once you get invested in the people who make the food and you do so with generosity and respect, I think you’re making a bridge toward another group of people and culture outside those of and in the U.S. I guess what’s necessary are these opportunities for curiosity and generosity; these fight xenophobia; these lend themselves to thinking beyond our borders. Here’s an example, though I don’t bring this into my book: In 1992, I bought 100 Poems from the Chinese, all translated by Kenneth Rexroth. My knowledge of Chinese culture before this was limited to Chinese-American food and a small amount of basic knowledge of China’s economic ties to the U.S. But even though I didn’t speak or read Chinese, this book opened a door to another culture that I wanted to explore. The same was true for me when I read translations of Pablo Neruda and César Vallejo. I’d never been to their homelands, but I felt a human connection to these poets and their worlds. Maybe this is patronizing, but I don’t think it is. Literature (and art and music), as much as if not more than scientific, technological advances, has always represented the height of any civilization’s achievements, so reading translations of poets from around the world often (always?) shows us what is most noble, least downtrodden, about the cultures and people whom these literary writers create. And this, at its best, leads or should lead to geopolitical breakthroughs, generosity, respect.

NC: Within Remarkable Bridge, you discuss the connections poets are able to make with one another through translation. In your opinion, what would be the most defining sort of connection/understanding between poets from translating each other’s work?

PR: As I try to explain in [Remarkable Bridge], the poet who translates a work from another language has to do the work of lifting up her own language (or stretching it, moving it beyond the recognizable terms) in order to accommodate the translation of that which is in the other language always beyond mere transmission of the words into the new language.  I’m paraphrasing Walter Benjamin here, and I use his extensive parts of his essay “The Task of the Translator ” (itself in translation in my copy) in the book. This way of finding new phrases and metaphors to accommodate and do justice to the poetry in translations offers the translator-poet new opportunities—in terms of language and form—for her “own” poetry. I also allude to and rely on Emmanuel Levinas’s idea of obligation to an “other” who both cannot be fully understood yet obliges the poet translator (in this case) to respond to that “other” with care. Or, as I write in the book’s introduction,

In his “The Ego and the Totality,” Levinas makes the following argument about the self and its ethical relationship to the other, a relationship of mutual obligation based on the fact that the other, who is equally a free subject, cannot be completely known to the self. And yet we are also obligated to the other because meaning, which is essentially social, can only come about in a relationship with the other: “To show respect is to bow down, not before the law, but before a being who commands a work from me. But for this command to not involve humiliation…the command I receive must also be a command to command him who commands me” (43).

Translation in poetry takes a similar form, an obligation to an original work (an other) that is always in excess of any single translation of it. The original is always beyond a translator’s rendering of it, yet that surplus, precisely—which accounts as well for the necessary strangeness that a translator can capture in her translation—must be respected; it thus compels the translator to be responsible to and for it.

NC: As a poet, how has focusing on Remarkable Bridge as a scholarly, analytical text impacted your way of writing poetry?

PR: When I write literary criticism, I’m trying to make a certain kind of point or argument. When I write poetry, I’m not trying to make a point in the same way. When I write poetry, I’m trying to invite more mystery and atmosphere or mood. For me, there’s something more rational involved in teaching and writing criticism than in writing poetry.

NC: One of the notable points that recurs throughout Remarkable Bridge is that translations and references impact their origins just as much as they’re informed by them. Do you have contemporary examples of this?

In [Remarkable Bridge] I discuss, in some depth, two contemporary poet-translators: Roberto Tejada and Rosa Alcalá. They’re both U.S. citizens, and I believe that the translations they have rendered bring more attention to the work of the original poets besides informing the original work of these poet-translators, themselves.  In the case of Tejada’s work, he has helped bring more visibility to the Cuban poet, José Lezama Lima. The same is true about the artist Alcalá translates, Chilean poet Cecilia Vicuña. This idea (that poet-translators impact the work of the poets they translate) seems to come— however indirectly— from T.S. Eliot’s often-quoted lines in his “Tradition and the Individual Talent”:

What happens when a new work of art is created is something that happens simultaneously to all the works of art which preceded it. The existing monuments form an ideal order among themselves, which is modified by the new (the really new) work of art among them. (Selected Prose 38)

NC: In reference to Clayton mentioning that Vallejo’s poetry should be read in context with where he wrote them (Peru, Paris, etc.), how important is place when writing poetry versus making translations?

PR: I’ve never rendered poetry from another language into English. In my own poetry, place plays a significant part (as well as the people I meet and befriend and get to know in a specific place). I grew up in Maryland until I was 30. And I’m sure the rural areas I had easy access to back then helped me fall in love with the writings of William Faulkner, Toni Morrison, Sherwood Anderson and others. And I believe these writers had a great influence on my poetry back then. In 1999, I moved to Buffalo for graduate school. And that area—with its elegant, worn down post-industrial rust-belt environment, in many ways like Baltimore, the city I knew so intimately, as well as the fellow grad student I got to know, and still speak to—all of that changed my writings and my life, my sense of the world, in ways that are incalculable. There’s a terrific book of essays called Buffalo Trace: A Three-Fold Vibration by Mary Cappello, James Morrison, and Jean Walton, each one of whom is an author in her/his own right, but these are their reflections on moving to this city to enter University at Buffalo’s PhD program in the 1970s and 80s. It’s an amazing book, and each writer captures the essence of that city in that time and of getting to know other graduate students and how all of this affected them deeply. It’s also worth mentioning that Robert Tejada sent me this book and that he, Rosa Alcalá and I all met as PhD students at University at Buffalo at the same time. These two, as well as other graduate students and some of the professors, made my time as a graduate student in Buffalo so rich, intellectually and in many other ways. 

NC: Remarkable Bridge discusses how language has the ability to change writers’ writing style and personal politics. For instance, Langston Hughes’ travels to South America and Cuba. On a personal level, has travel affected you as a writer and scholar, or people you know?

It has. And this is probably more true for people like Roberto Tejada (who lived in Mexico City for a decade or more) and my brother, Stephen Ramos, who besides the traveling he did with our family, went to Spain and then Nicaragua for more than three years. I know this kind of travel (and what are the right words here, temporary expatriation?) deeply influenced their intellectual, political, aesthetic and cultural values. And obviously these experiences made them even more fluent in Spanish. To learn another language is to double your world. For my part, I would travel with my family to Valencia, Venezuela on most Christmases until I was 21. My father was a Venezuelan citizen, and his mother and brother (and extended cousins, aunts and uncles) all lived there, even after my father arrived in the U.S. in 1964. For reasons I think I understand, my father didn’t speak to us in any language other than English, though he could speak five. I believe he thought our being bi-lingual would interfere with our assimilation. I’m sad he didn’t teach us Spanish, but I understand. Therefore, when we went to Venezuela, our cousins and my brother and I would speak “Spang-lish,” and this was an introduction into speaking another language. Also, of course, just experiencing the culture, the landscape, the people of a country like Venezuela deeply affected me. It wouldn’t be until a few years after I went there last that I would bring my senses and recollections of the place—the Indigenous and metropolitan cultures, the music, the food, even their version of Catholicism (so different from that of the Catholic churches we attended in those days that were made up of the descendants of Irish, German, Italian, and Polish immigrants) and the people—into my own poetry at some point.     

NC: Some of the most complex forms of translation in Remarkable Bridge are William’s Translations of Palés Matos poetry, which makes reference to specific words and phrases within afro-Caribbean dialects, surrounding the complexities of race. You discuss what Walter Benjamin describes as “pure language”, stating that a translation needs to be transparent. What is your personal perspective of how transparency can be maintained across language barriers? 

PR: I’m not sure I would say that Benjamin’s “pure language” is the same thing as or an example of transparency. In my chapter on William Carlos Williams, my argument is that Williams generates an English version of Palés Matos’s poem that involves a fraught (and in some ways problematic) version of minstrelsy in which Williams is trying to approximate an Afro-Caribbean tone in his translation without merely “copying” or finding each exact word in English. The translation has to honor the original without being a mere translation of it; in some senses it has to be a different poem.  

NC: When you refer to a poem’s afterlife, is this after translations, references, or interpretations have been made? What is the defining moment of a poem having an after life?

And to continue my answer from the previous question here, my arguments threading the book together involve the way in which the work of honorifically and artistically translating a poem from another language often shows up in a poet’s “own” poetry. So, for example, Williams’s sense of the New World, with all of its Indigenous, colonial, racial hybridity (often fraught, obviously) that he picks up from the Palés Matos poem that he translated will ultimately show up in Williams’s own poetry and its appearance there, maybe more than in the translation, should be noted as an afterlife of the Palés Matos poem. Williams’s mother was Puerto Rican (like Palés Matos), but it’s also important to remember that Williams never thought of himself as other than White. Such encounters in the New World—between lighter skinned Latin Americans and those that have more visibly African features— have a history of explosive violence, oppression, injustice, as is hopefully obvious to most people, and Williams is himself guilty of blind spots to race and class. But he also suspected that Latin American poetry (as well as the poetry from Spain) could offer more opportunities to poet-translators in terms of their own work. He understood that such encounters were also rich, worthy of celebration.     

NC: What is the major impact/takeaway you’d like for readers to get from Remarkable Bridge?

PR: I quote from the last paragraph of my book, which I hope will interest and inspire poet-translators, critics, poetry lovers and others:

Within the world of arts and letters, especially, canon formation is a way of establishing political hierarchies, a way of centering cultural politics. Asserting the need to reexamine the ways in which poetry canons across the Americas have far more connections than has been assumed or critically assessed is ultimately to exalt both U.S. and Latin American/Caribbean poetry. Such a (re)vision would also avoid a paternalistic or condescending approach to the latter, even as it acknowledges the aesthetic, cultural, and linguistic debt so many U.S. poets owe to those who lived and wrote below our border. In the name of national self-interest [at least], we should look upon translations into English as an important means of keeping our own language vital, rejuvenated, refreshed. This book examines such intersections as they have occurred throughout the Americas, and I am hopeful that others will take up this kind of critical approach and apply it to cultures and countries around the globe.

NC: What would you recommend for those interested in reading or conducting translations?

Wow! There are so many, I feel overwhelmed by the question. How to translate poetry is not something I’ve done yet, but those interested in translations should pick the poets they are interested in and see if any of them have translated poems into English. One might also look into a country that he/she is interested in and find out which poets from that country have made it to the U.S. (or English-speaking countries) through translation and then begin there. It’s a long road and it takes some digging, but it’s also filled with delights. The “new” is always a promise, and the world is still much bigger than we imagine.

Naya Clark is an Atlanta-based writer from New Jersey. Clark enjoys the challenges of writing articles, reviews, poetry, and interviewing other writers and artists. She is an Assistant Editor at Urban Ivy and an interdisciplinary freelance writer. In her spare time, she is underlining good sentences and organizing local art events. More of her work can be found at NayaClark.com.

Peter Ramos’ poems have appeared in New World Writing, Colorado Review, Puerto del Sol, Painted Bride Quarterly, Verse, Indiana Review, Mississippi Review (online), elimae, Mandorla and other journals.  Nominated several times for a PushcartPrize, Peter is the author of one book of poetry, Please Do Not Feed the Ghost (BlazeVox Books, 2008) and three shorter collections. Lord Baltimore, his forthcoming book of poetry, will be available in January, 2021 on Ravenna Press.  An associate professor of English at Buffalo State College, Peter teaches courses in nineteenth- and twentieth-century American literature. 

Ask the author: Shira Dentz of SISYPHUSINA

[PANK] Books, 2020

A new interview with Shira Dentz, author of SISYPHUSINA, as she elaborates on what poetry is and the intense collaborative process at work in her new book, available from [PANK] Books.

PANK: Your book opens with a letter to your readers about your formal
approach to these poems, including concerns like text weight, placement on the page, etc. One thing that jumped out to me was your note that “form is sculptural.” Do you approach your writing practice like visual art-making, with text standing in for a medium?

SHIRA DENTZ (SD): I do regard text as a visual stimulus that impacts one’s reading experience, whether or not this stimulus is foregrounded, though I don’t approach it as a stand-in for a medium; part of its medium is its visual nature. Along with referential meanings, written language has shapes and a surface that it’s shaped on. Before children learn to read, for instance, they respond to letter forms as characters or moods. Of course, as we grow and keep learning, we filter what we attend to, and for good reason, as we’d be overloaded otherwise. I understand, too, that one cannot look and read at the same time, just as one can’t see the “crone” and the “young beautiful woman” simultaneously in the famous optical illusion. So I know that I am playing with a multiplicity when I forefront the visual in writing, and also implicating the reading process.

As a writer, I like to be able to draw from all the elements of my medium—language—and this approach embodies my aesthetic commitment to give space to possibly overlooked details—both in the handed-down handling of my medium and subjects of focus. Also, as every language has a limited vocabulary with which to express the range of human experiences, I try to challenge “the limits of my language are the limits of my world” (Wittgenstein), and experiment with the visual components of my medium in an effort to make language where there is none. All this being said, I am a visual artist too and am sure this is partly responsible for my attention to the visual nature of written language.

[PANK] I’m curious about hybrid forms and how authors define their work when it doesn’t fit perfectly in jars like “poetry” or “prose.” SISYPHUSINA has sections that look like “traditional” lyric poetry, blocks of text that look like prose, marks, and lines like a drawing, sampled text like a collage. Do you define what you write one way or another?

SD: That’s a great question, thank you! This reminds me of the ongoing debate about how to define “prose poetry”—there are many ideas, and for the most part, I think we agree that it’s a generative question in its elusiveness. So I suppose this could apply here. I do feel that I’m mostly a poet, but my aesthetic involves questioning received forms of doing things—what is poetry—I think most writers are engaged with their own “what is poetry” or “what is a novel” or “what is a short story” etc etc. But clearly I’m interested in juxtaposition, both in stillness and movement. I could define it as hybrid or cross-genre. Maybe it’s a genre-in-progress, possibly in the spirit of Lyn Hejinian’s “Against Closure.”

[PANK] Throughout SISYPHUSINA, there are bodies– female bodies that are “imperfect” by some measure, and exhortations or examples of body/appearance modification. In ‘redshift’ an italicized line urges us to “try liposuction!”; earlier in the manuscript, there’s an extensive exploration of how ancient Egyptians shaved, dyed, and styled their hair to change their appearance and achieve an aesthetic ideal; the speaker repeatedly notes trying to lose weight; in “Units & Increments”, the speaker repeatedly states “I’m thinking of eating again.” Text throughout the book is recycled or referenced, making the world of these poems feel claustrophobic in a way that is distinctly female. Is this a moment when art imitates life?

SD: Wow, I guess so, though I hope cumulatively it resolves artistically and doesn’t fall into that caveat of “showing boredom by being boring.” Something that I undertake in this book too is juxtaposing a singular, autobiographical narrative with other narratives as they’ve been constructed both historically and in the present, in a range of realms including science, advertising, and the artistic (including literary) canon, along with collaborations with several female artists in different media. The thread of singularity that your question points to I suppose evokes a beating pulse.

There is something that I keep circling back to, a definitive point that is aging, and for women that includes fertility issues. The recurrences in text are a coming back to the origin point that I’m regarding from different angles. How to open up a new narrative

[PANK] If you could ask a reader to do a little homework before reading your new book, what would your reading list look like?

SD: Part of such a reading list like might look like—

Selected visual art and writing by visual artists Louise Bourgeois, Glenn Ligon, Cy Twombly, Robert Smithson, Jenny Holzer, Kay Rosen, and Erica Baum

Selected poems and texts by Stéphane Mallarmé, ee cummings, Guillaume Apollinaire, Robert Walser, Antonin Artaud, Gertrude Stein, Hannah Weiner, Kathleen Fraser, Alice Notley, and from The Sackner Archive of Visual and Concrete Poetry

Formally experimental collections by Barbara Guest,  Jen Bervin, M. NourbeSe Philip, Francis Ponge, Charles Olson (Maximus), Susan Howe, Douglas Kearney, Renee Gladman, Jenny Boully, Eleni Sikelianos, and Diana Khoi Nguyen

Liminal prose by Clarice Lispector, Nathalie Sarraute, and Rosmarie Waldrop

Journals/diaries by Anais Nin and May Sarton

Short films by Maya Deren And possibly critical writing on literary and visual conjunctions such as Tanya K. Rodrigue’s “PostSecret as Imagetext: The Reclamation of Traumatic Experiences and Identity”

And possibly critical writing on literary and visual conjunctions such as Tanya K. Rodrigue’s “PostSecret as Imagetext: The Reclamation of Traumatic Experiences and Identity”

[PANK] I want to return to the collage-like aspect of SISYPHUSINA and consider your process. How did this manuscript come together for you? Did you collect visuals or text samples as you went? Create them as needed?

SD: I began it as a project proposal for which I was extremely fortunate to receive a fellowship from the Tanner Center for the Humanities that enabled me to devote a bunch of time to it in its initial stage. This stage included researching literature centered on female aging in the life, physical, and social sciences, humanities, as well as its artistic expression, past and present, and in pop culture and in the news media. I took notes, but for the most part the pieces that I wrote during this time developed directly from the snippets of discoveries I was making through my research. Some of these snippets incubated in my mind for years before surfacing in a creative piece. In my conversations, while working on this project, I found that many younger women were very, very interested in reading about and giving voice to this aspect of their life. At the same time, I took up the challenge of writing about aging within the context of my own life. I gave myself freedom to use all types of media, and to play with the nuances of typography as part of my writing process. I worked for many years as a typesetter before working as a graphic artist before returning to school and teaching and brought my experience with the minute shades of type to bear in my expressive relationship to classical notions of beauty and prevailing structures of social hierarchy.

Besides what I culled from research and my personal life, I drew from encounters with art and literature that I had stored in my mind over time. The first “Sisyphusina” poem was born from a constraint experiment given to me by a fiction writer friend when I felt blocked. My initial aspiration was to make a plan for this book’s architecture, but this isn’t my natural way of working, and eventually I let it go—I’m interested in the evolution of structure rather than imposing it prematurely, though I value the generative potential of constraints.

The manuscript’s working title was Rose Secoming—I had already identified that the rose would be a central image in the book, since it’s been associated with ideals of feminine beauty in literature from early on, as in “Roman de la Rose” from the Middle Ages in which the beloved female is, in fact, a rose. I chose “secoming” as a blend of becoming and succumbing. In earlier work, I had begun experimenting with making new words where none existed to articulate female experiences (for instance, there are no female equivalents of emasculation and castration, yet sexual violation of females leaves equivalent scarring).

I continued working on the manuscript beyond the time of this fellowship, naturally, and pieces continued to grow organically from my encounters with others, myself, and the rest of my environment. In 2016, an excerpt of SISYPHUSINA was published as an e-chap, FLOUNDERS in Essay Press’ GROUNDLOOP Series, which “seeks to bring together authors exploring diverse subjects through loud, innovative architectures.”

As I continued to work on what was to become SISYPHUSINA, I moved around for jobs, and during my first year teaching at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, I was drawn to expanding what I knew about new media, having always been interested in being artistically responsive to the current zeitgeist and the emerging new. While looking for artistic camaraderie in my new environs, I met musical composer Pauline Oliveros and visual artist Kathy High, who also taught at RPI, and eventually invited each of them to collaborate with me on extensions to this book. By now I regarded this project as an ongoing one, and for parts of it to spread outside the physical space of my book’s pages seemed “right.” I like the “skin” of video as an element in juxtaposition with my text within the context of this project. Around the same time, YEW, a journal of innovative writing & images, accepted several new pieces and asked if I wanted to collaborate with an artist on images to be published along with them. I asked my friend, visual artist and writer Kathline Carr if she might be interested in creating images in response to my text, and she drew many more interesting images than could be included. When I finally decided to call it a day and to say the book was Ended!, I thought back to these images that Kate had drawn and again, it felt “right” to me to expand the collaborative dimension of this book, its “skin,” so to speak, and asked her for permission to include some of them. I also asked Pauline whether I could include the piece she had improvised for a piece that extended from this project, “Aging Music” with this book’s publication. She had recorded it while performing it in 2015 in a building that she wrote “became activated by the wind and the banging doors and windows became an engaging percussive part of the musical dialogue. The building as an instrument played by the wind seemed expressive too of aging.”

This past year I learned about QR codes and realized using one would be a seamless way to integrate “Aging Music” with the physical definition of the book. A video-poem, “Saidst,” that I collaborated on with Kathy High is accessible via a URL published in the book and online at my website, PANK’s website, and Kathy High’s Vimeo page. Poet and designer Aimee Harrison, with whom I worked on adapting the manuscript’s proportions to the printed book’s dimensions and designed the book’s exterior and its table of contents, was my last but not least collaborator.

In other words, assembling this book was a continuous process and developed along with encounters with new technologies, locations, people, and signs of time. One of the final touches was my choice for the cover art, a painting that I did many years ago, in which I wanted to capture the active dynamic of visible light and crumpled up a piece of foil to use as my model. The result looks impressionistically like a heart, aorta included, or a female sprite clapping, and now, years later, it was decided that this painting would be “Sisyphusina.”

[PANK] Anything else you’d like to share with [PANK]? [PANK] loves you!

SD: Thank you so much for reading this, and I hope it spurs you to check the book out and to more conversation! And a shout-out of thanks to [PANK] and to you, reader, member of our writing and reading communities, for your support of newly published books during this challenging time. I’d like to share, too, my wishes for everyone’s wellness.

PANK’s note: You can read a selection of Shira’s work from Sisyphusina as part of the Academy of American Poets’ Poem-a-Day Series here.


SHIRA DENTZ is the author of five books, including black seeds on a white dish (Shearsman), door of thin skins (CavanKerry Press), a cross-genre memoir, how do i net thee (Salmon Poetry), a National Poetry Series finalist, and the sun a blazing zero (Lavender Ink/Diálogos). She’s also the author of two chapbooks, Leaf Weather (Shearsman) and FLOUNDERS (Essay Press). Her poetry, visual writing, and prose appear in many venues including Poetry, The American Poetry Review, The Iowa Review, New American Writing, Brooklyn Rail, Lana Turner, Denver Quarterly, The Academy of American Poets’ Poem-a-Day Series (Poets.org), and National Public Radio, and interviews with her appear in journals such as Ploughshares, Rain Taxi, and The Rumpus. Shira is a recipient of awards including an Academy of American Poets’ Prize. Poetry Society of America’s Lyric Poem and Cecil Hemley Memorial Awards, Painted Bride Quarterly’s Poetry Prize, and Electronic Poetry Review’s Discovery Award. Before returning to school to pursue graduate studies, she worked as a graphic artist in the music industry in NYC. A graduate of Iowa Writers‘ Workshop, she holds a Ph.D. in Creative Writing and Literature from the University of Utah, and is currently Tarpaulin Sky’s Special Features Editor and lives and teaches in upstate New York. More about her writing can be found at shiradentz.com.

You’ve Got Something Coming: An Interview with Jonathan Starke

Black Heron Press, 2020

INTERVIEW BY GINA WILLIAMS

Jonathan Starke, a former boxer and bodybuilder, is the editor of Palooka Magazine and author of the forthcoming novel, You’ve Got Something Coming, winner of the Black Heron Press Award for Social Fiction (Black Heron Press, April 2020). His poem “Between Them” was featured in the June 2012 issue of [PANK]. Everything I’ve ever read of Starke’s kicks me in the gut with emotion and orbits around in my brain forever—complete with images—like mind-blowing, devastating cinema. His breakthrough novel about an aging boxer and his young daughter is no different. I reached out recently to talk with him about process, plot, and pain.

GINA WILLIAMS: Publishers Weekly recently reviewed You’ve Got Something Coming, saying “Starke’s bruising, brooding book is a real heartbreaker.” Another reviewer, Peter Stenson, author of Fiend and Thirty-Seven, comments, “You will be hard pressed to find a novel that is simultaneously gut-wrenching and brimming with the beauty of inextinguishable hope. In fact, you would be hard pressed to find a better novel published this year.”

That’s incredible advance praise. Describe your creative process in the sense of how you went about developing the characters and plot so strongly that readers can’t help but react as if it’s their own fight.

JONATHAN STARKE: The novel is written in a tight window of time and narrative lens. There’s nothing but closeness to the two main characters—Trucks, an aging boxer, and Claudia, his young daughter battling deafness—who live on the fringes of society. I think what moves people about the read is the unusual portrait of a single father raising a daughter while they hitch across the country, Trucks trying to make the most of his limited skill set and impart hope to his little girl in a seemingly hopeless world.

GW: Your deeply emotional style of writing must take a toll. Did the writing process impact you physically and mentally? What did you do to release yourself from that grip or did it happen naturally when you finished the book?

JS: Everything I’ve written has taken something from me. When writing from a place of deep emotional truth or pain, this is bound to happen. I’ve never felt a point of “release” after completing a piece of writing, but there is a slight feeling of relief that it’s done, that it’s been written about, and that hopefully others will connect to it and feel a shared experience or understanding.

GW: Do you have any quirky writing rituals and/or habits?

JS: I’m not someone who writes often. I’ll go months without writing. My mind is always “taking notes,” and whenever the next piece is ready, it flows out of me entirely. It’s always been this way. The novel was no different. To go out and live and do interesting things and pay attention to the world, that’s gathering the material and “mentally writing.” The act of writing comes later, sometimes months or years, in a raging river of typing.

GW: Who was the most difficult character to write? And why do you think that’s the case?

JS: The hardest character to write is the one who’s absent, the one hardly spoken about, the one that may have existed for a time but is forever gone now—through separation, through distance, through time, through death. But this is the character who often has the most effect on the others, their present lives, and it’s this effect I find so haunting and difficult to render.

GW: Your writing is powerful in the sense that it doesn’t just ache, but yanks the reader out of the bar, hauls them into the back alley, and knocks them out. How do you harness that kind of pain and rage without giving up story and language—or hope?

JS: The rage has to be stored and used infrequently—only when it’s necessary to create change or show how utterly desperate life has become. The pain works as a slow drip—a reader can see it throughout, but I find it best when it’s mostly unspoken and instead shown in how the characters behave and move and the choices they do or do not make. Wounded people are practiced at how to step into pain. Without at least a splinter of hope, I’m not sure there’s a point.

GW: How did this novel begin? What was the first seed?

JS: I saw this aging boxer, early forties, with his back to this brick wall outside in the dead of winter. I understood he was in Wisconsin. He looked miserable. He was cold. In a state of desperation. He was clutching used hearing aids, and I thought, What the hell’s he doing with those? Soon I realized he was outside of a children’s home. He was breaking in to get his little girl back.

GW: Where did you draw inspiration for Trucks, Claudia, and your novel’s other characters?

JS: I care about people on the fringes. I’ve known many people who have little or nothing. For a lot of my life, I’ve had little. I used to box. When something’s in your blood, you think about it every day. I can’t remember a day I haven’t thought about boxing. It’s a tough thing to step away from. Once you’ve done it, it’s hard not to want to go back. You try to just pretend it away, but when it’s in you, it’s got hold. That’s what Trucks is facing every day, but he’s also got Claudia to think about. But with someone like him, when it’s in his blood so deep, how does he navigate their life in a way that he can protect her best interests but also pursue this passion that begs for him?

GW: You’re well-known for creative nonfiction and short stories. What inspired you to write a novel? Was it difficult to make the transition?

JS: Once I saw this story in front of me, I knew it was going to be a long project. I can’t write a novel in a typical or conventional sense. I know that’s not in me. This is a linear piece, and it takes place over a few weeks. I knew I needed to limit the time and the chapters. It’s a linear novel in vignettes.

GW: What is your proudest achievement outside of writing?

JS: It’s not an achievement of mine, but I want to say my father. He raised two boys by himself and worked his ass off and sacrificed to get us beyond scraping by and to give us a good life. I admire him so much for carving his own path and getting educated and believing in himself when nobody else did. He’s an inspiring and giving and loving and incredible person. This novel being about a single father, I think it’s important I say this about my own father and to also acknowledge all the other single fathers out there who are working hard and giving love and doing their damnedest.

JONATHAN STARKE is a former bodybuilder and boxer. He’s harvested seaweed in Ireland, given free hugs in Spain, and flipped pancakes in Denmark. He loves riding trains and wondering about the lives unfolding outside the window. His biggest passions are learning and travel, and he’s ventured to sixty countries via hitching, couch surfing, and working exchanges. He plays piano and thrives on diverse workouts, organic food, artwork, street markets, and anything related to helping others, especially in the arts. He’s the founding editor of Palooka.

GINA WILLIAMS is a journalist, photographer, former firefighter, and gardener. She’s a Pacific Northwest native and can often be found rambling in the Oregon Outback, volunteering at the community garden, or on assignment in a far-flung location. She lives and creates near Portland, Oregon. Her writing and visual art have been featured by River TeethOkey-PankyMoss, CarveThe Sun, and Fugue, among others. She’s the author of An Unwavering Horizon, a full-length collection of poetry published by Finishing Line Press. It’s now available for preorder and will be distributed in May 2020.  GinaMarieWilliams.com

“We are interested in people being able to decolonize their own stories and tell their own stories”: an interview with Chris Talbot-Heindl

INTERVIEW BY CLARA B. JONES

Chris Talbot-Heindl is a leader in the movement to ensure LGBTIQA2+ rights and to promote those interests in the marginalized, as well as, the mainstream, art and literary communities. Editor and publisher of the zine, The Bitchin’ Kitsch [The B’K], and, recently settled in Colorado, their Twitter profile states, “…just another trans, nonbinary, pansexual, mixed-race, separated-Indigenous (probably Huron-Wendat), artist, & comics creator”— and, I would add, educator, advocate, activist, graphic novelist, and chapbook contest sponsor. Talbot-Heindl acknowledges that they produce  polarizing, political commentary and art so, in 2010, with their husband, Dana, Talbot-Heindl “brainstormed” about possible projects that would highlight their creative energies, and serve as an outlet for their beliefs and values. “The zine started out as a joke idea – a late night brainstorm that ended with, ‘…and we could totally call it, The Bitchin’ Kitsch—like, it’s totally rad junk!’ The next morning, when the idea didn’t sound half bad, we decided to ‘go’ with it. We wanted to focus on people who normally didn’t get to have their work out there – pieces with a little grit, things that were slightly subversive, or had a level of kitschiness or silliness that ‘traditional’ publications would reject.” They planned to emphasize creativity, inclusivity, diversity, & respectful discourse. The B’K, then, is an extension of Talbot-Heindl’s long-standing concern for justice, their personality, and their self-presentation, and this interview, conducted via email and barely edited, reflects that interdependence. As a personal disclosure, I have published poems and reviews in The B’K several times and won the zine’s chapbook competitions in 2015 & 2017. My motivation for choosing them as an interview subject, however, was based on their commitment to LGBTIQA+ issues and the ways in which they balance and integrate identity, work, life, beliefs, attitudes, opinions, values, and community. Most important, perhaps, I find Talbot-Heindl to be a generous and pragmatic social commentator who makes a lot of sense, and I want to share their “voice” with others.

Chris Talbot-Heindl

Clara B. Jones: Imagine that you are having a dinner party and that you’ve invited three people. Who would these three persons be, why did you choose them, what would you cook for dinner, and what would you talk about?

Chris Talbot-Heindl: The first person is going to sound hokey, but it has to be Dana, my spouse. We’re ridiculously co-dependent and introverted, so there’s no way I could get through a dinner party without his assistance. The other two would be incredibly hard to pick and would likely change day to day. But if I had to choose two living individuals based on today’s mood, I would choose Indya Moore and Lilah Sturges. Both of these individuals work hard in their respective fields to make the world a better, more loving place for trans people (Indya Moore is a trans nonbinary person starring in the television series, “Pose,” who speaks their truth on social media; Lilah Sturges is a writer who hosts Trans Pizza, where she makes sure that trans people are fed!); both focus on intersectionality, and both have beautiful, eloquent, affirming things to say on Twitter daily.

I would likely serve nori rolls and loaded miso since it’s the only dinner-party style food I can really do any justice to (I am not a very good cook, truth be told). I would hope we could talk about trans inclusion issues, brainstorm solutions, and talk about using art as a medium to raise awareness. But honestly, I’d be up for talking about pretty much anything with either of them! I have a feeling that any topic they wanted to talk about would be interesting and informative.

CBJ: What is your earliest memory, and is it still significant to you in any way?

C T-H: I have a problem with memory, honestly. Most of my childhood is a blank, and the memories I do have may be genuine or may be creative fictional amalgamations of stories I’ve heard about my childhood mixed with legitimate memories. Of those possible amalgamations, the earliest one I can think of isn’t super significant other than as an example of my sense of justice and my stubborn insistence of it. Picture this: my family and I are at a martial arts tournament – I think it was the Diamond Nationals in Minneapolis – and I’m “little Chris,” seven or eight years old, trying to sleep at the hotel after the first night. My sister, Michelle, is crying because she can’t sleep. The adults in the next room are partying pretty hard and are too loud. So, I march into the hall to the next room in my pajamas, knock on the door, and, when my instructor opens it, I put my hands on my hips, give him a stern look and tell him he was being rude and to keep it down. Apparently I also told him he was a bad man (for other reasons), but I’m not sure if this was the same night or a different one. I have tons of story-memories like this – me insisting there was a moral imperative to behave a certain way and demanding it be so as a child. Most of them involved hands on hips, stern looks, and demands. I was, apparently, a bossy child.


CBJ: I gather from one of your online interviews that you scan every submission to The B’K for “racist, sexist, or homophobic,” as well as, triggering content. However, your new submission form asks each artist, including, writers, to answer a long and broad range of questions—many of which would be considered illegal in other contexts [e.g., on employment or educational applications]. Can you describe this submission form in detail, discuss its rationale, and tell us what prompted your creating it and using it as a criterion to publish in The B’K? How do you use the information, and what are the most disqualifying answers?

C T-H: Our submission form gets a lot of pushback, but all its rules and questions have been informed from 10 years’ experience in what we don’t want to receive and/or publish. Every time we add something, it’s because we’ve gotten dozens of submissions that included it [e.g., the undesirable topic, practice, or appropriation], and we feel we need to explicitly tell people not to. We once got an angry email from someone who was offended that we included so many guidelines because she didn’t want to “read an essay” just to submit, and she stated all the things included were minimum requirements for a decent submission. She was floored when I told her everything prohibited was something we’ve received many times over.

Our form asks people to self-identify their intersections, including race, gender, sexuality, ability, and religion, but makes it clear in the submission guidelines and the submission form itself (because we’ve found most people don’t read the guidelines) that this is for our information (to see whose voices we might be missing) and won’t be used to evaluate the work unless someone’s identity makes their submission inappropriate or constitutes appropriation. We further explain that “appropriation” means writing about what it’s like to be part of a historically marginalized community you don’t belong to rather than just including people from marginalized communities. We go even further and have podcasts for people who find these rules and terms confusing. Really, we’re trying so hard to help – we may have gone overboard and made it all too cumbersome.

For some people, being asked to self-identify is really upsetting. We get a mix of angry emails each month calling us “fascists” or saying that white cisgender heterosexual abled men aren’t going to submit anymore. But for us, these questions are about equity and “who” should tell a story. We want people from marginalized communities to speak to that experience; we want all people to include people from marginalized communities in their work. Too often, we get someone who’s well-meaning but writes a micro-aggressing interpretation of what it’s like to be someone from a different background; and, too often, we see other publications publish these stories. We are interested in people being able to decolonize their own stories and tell their own stories.

And truth be told, even with these rules, the majority of our submitters and accepted submissions are white cisgender heterosexual abled men, so there’s nothing to fear in answering the questions. No identity is disqualifying, but your piece may be rejected if your identity makes your piece problematic.

CBJ: Besides publishing the zine, The B’K, you hold a yearly chapbook competition, as well as, produce a Podcast Series and an educational series, Chrissplains Comics—both of these latter initiatives are about gender & race. In the current, Winter Issue, 11.1, you present the  Chrissplains Nonbinary Advocacy to Cisgender People comic—“Rapid Onset Gender Dysphoria is a FART Myth” [FART= Feminism-Appropriating Reactionary Transphobes] that “attempts to show why the rhetoric, advanced by FARTs, of ‘rapid onset gender dysphoria’ is harmful and explains to parents and therapists why it isn’t a ‘thing’ to worry about.” What feedback have you been receiving about your podcasts and comic series? Can radical Art, including, literature, change society, or is it influential only at the individual and subjective levels?

CT-H: The feedback I’ve received from The B’K Submitters’ Guide Podcast and Chrissplains Nonbinary Advocacy to Cisgender People have been mixed (and very telling), according to identity. In general, the people advocated for in the podcasts have appreciated them, thanked me for making them and for centering equity and affirming representation, and have sometimes provided me with information I didn’t know (which I then update people with on the next podcast). Allies have thanked me for telling them something they may not have known. But I’ve also gotten angry people sliding into my emails to tell me that I’m being ridiculous and taking PC culture too far. I don’t really sweat that feedback because in my mind that means I’m doing something right. These tend to be the same people that I’ll get an email about informing me that they’ve published elsewhere a story about trans identity being a mental illness and supporting a trans artist or writer means you’re fueling their mental illness (yup, really happened!). If people aren’t willing to learn better and, then, do better, I’m not interested in their listenership or their continued presence in The B’K. We’re on a journey to do better together, and they’re not ready to join us.

For Chrissplains, it’s been nearly the same – nonbinary and trans people have thanked me or provided me more information from their perspective, allies have thanked me, and FARTs have harassed me. I also had someone, who claimed to be an ally, clamoring against one of my comics and telling me what was best for me, which was interesting. I tried to explain that nonbinary and trans people will let people know how to best advocate for them; we don’t need to be told by cisgender people what is best for us. But she wasn’t ready to hear it.

I believe that radical art is one of the only things that influences certain types of learners. I originally made all of it – the zines, the comics, and the graphic novel I’m working on—to help my family and friends understand me better. That’s it. I didn’t have some grand scheme for it. But in the process, I’ve had many nonbinary and trans people tell me that it helped them understand things they didn’t have words for, educate their family and friends, and made them feel seen. And that’s amazing! On top of that, the LGBT Center for Excellence at Denver Health is using a partial chapter from my graphic novel about nonbinary life to help people understand the importance of LGBTIQA2+ affirming care. You never know who will be touched by your art and who will be swayed by your art. But, it does provide an avenue for education and change to people who are visual learners.

CBJ: Off and on for many years, I have been absorbed by reading literary interviews in Paris Review—most of the subjects might be described as members of the literary “canon,” so to speak [Eliot, Didion, Hemingway, Capote, Ralph Ellison, William Carlos Williams, etc.]. Perhaps, I am reading too much in; however, I am drawn to the details of houses and apartments—books, paintings, magazines, rugs, “kitschy” things with historical import, etc.—many of these objects seeming to have a sense of permanence with an intimate story, a detailed provenance attached to each belonging. I have often been reminded of something Paul Fry [Yale] said in his online literary theory course,—that “preservation” is a purpose of great literature, which I interpreted as saying preservation of Western Civilization or, perhaps, bourgeois culture. Is this a project that you would oppose? Is your mission intended to disrupt or intervene in or mediate the neo-capitalist, Western project—or are you about something else? In other words, what are you trying to achieve as a change agent?

CT-H: When we started The B’K, our one goal was to provide an outlet for those creators who are generally overlooked. When we started 10 years ago, there weren’t a ton of online publications with completely open and free submissions, and the ones that were set up like that did seem homogenized to me. I don’t fault them; I think that for the most part, we are trained to believe that the Western style of writing or art and subjects that center white Western ideas are the “greats.” I remember when I was briefly an English major in college, I enrolled in a Masters of Literature class and quickly dropped it when I saw the syllabus and realized it was entirely comprised of works from Western white men. We are trained to think of this ideal as “normal,” and to think of marginalized works to be “specialty” things that we box away in specific courses like “Introduction to Ethnic Literature” – also a class I took despite its micro-aggressing title, and one I truly enjoyed. Sometimes, after we realize that we aren’t going to get validation, acknowledgment, or publication from white institutions that have built an aesthetic—either purposefully or by accident – that leads to our exclusion, we have to decide to build something for ourselves that is built around inclusion and equity.

In my mind, I thought I was writing coded language for those excluded, but I was also happy to provide an opportunity for the white cisgender heterosexual men who submitted. I was happy to publish the weird kitschy stuff, the subject matter that seemed taboo, as well as the marginalized people I was originally hoping to amplify. Now that we’re farther into the publication’s life, I find myself wanting to pointedly say, “This publication is meant to provide inclusion and equity to people who have been shut out from traditional publications, because traditional publications have deemed their voice and their stories to be unimportant, ‘specialty,’ or not to their Western aesthetics, because that’s where I would prefer my free labor to go toward.” But, maybe, that isn’t as needed as it once was, seeing all the new, marginalized-population focused publications out there!

CBJ: The Harvard poetry critic and Formalist, Helen Vendler, once said of Adrienne Rich’s poetry—after Rich came out as a lesbian—that Rich was writing “Sociology,” also stating that Rich’s early, lyrical poetry showed promise—implying that the radical feminist poet surrendered good poetry to politics. Given that the Formalist criterion is that content [e.g., politics] is subordinate to form [e.g., lyric, music, color, rhythmn], do you have any reaction to Vendler’s point of view about political and, perhaps, radical, Art, including, writing—that it is “Sociology,” not, Art?

CT-H: I had this same critique in my senior art thesis project, although not worded quite as nicely. One of my professors critiqued my thesis project as “political propaganda,” “low-brow,” and not to the level of fine or academic art. My art used traditional printmaking methods as well as animation to show the atrocities committed by each US President during their time, and it was interactive. Was it impeccably made? No. The printmaking was done well, the rest of it was…honestly, what I could afford to make at that point in my life. But, that wasn’t what he was critiquing. In his mind, the idea that it was political art was what made it not academic, fine, or high-brow art. I think that’s crap, honestly.

First, claiming that something that involves a different identity than your own becomes “sociology” is to fully center your own identity as normal and create an “other.” If you decide that poetry from the lens of a lesbian makes their writing “sociology” rather than poetry, then you’ve decided that poetry from the lens of a heterosexual person is normal, and poetry from a non-heterosexual lens is specialized or politicized. That’s a personal failing of the reader, in my opinion. Yes, our society in the US does cater and normalize white, cisgender, heterosexual, abled identities and stories; but art, and what is considered art, should be more nuanced than that.

I prefer the César Cruz quote: “Art should comfort the disturbed and disturb the comfortable.” Art has multiple purposes, including, providing a comfort and catharsis to those suffering under a white, cisgender, heterosexual, abled-centered society, and there’s value in disrupting the beneficiaries of that society a bit so they can see something beyond what is immediately visible through their lenses.

CBJ: At least in the modern and contemporary period, small and alternative presses have been venues for experimental or oppositional or political or other non-traditional or radical or alternative artists, including, writers, of course, to publish successfully or to bypass the mainstream literary community and its institutions. What are the major challenges associated with small-press publishing? Is it a viable alternative to publishing in the mainstream? Can work published in small or alternative presses stand the tests of time?

CT-H: I can’t really speak as a submitter, as I’ve only submitted a handful of things to a handful of publications; but, from an editor’s point of view, the major challenges with small-press publishing are finding the audience you want and finding money and time to make it happen. We had a hard time filling The B’K when we first started, and often resorted to begging our friends to send us their artwork and writing and padding the publication with our own work. There were issues we had to cancel because we didn’t have enough pages filled.

Money has always been an issue. People seem to think there’s big money in this sort of thing and get shocked that we don’t offer payment to our submitters. While we would love to, the publication loses money every year. We don’t charge for submissions, we don’t have angel investors or grants, The B’K  is free to read online, we offer the printed copies at what it costs to us to our submitters, and very few people buy copies beyond submitters because the zine is free to read online. Our goal is to put pieces and creators out there, not necessarily to have a thriving business.

I think it’s a viable alternative – I hope so; I hope people find value in it and enjoy both submitting their pieces in print and reading people’s work in our publication. As far as the work standing the test of time, I know it won’t have as long of a shelf-life or as big of a readership as publications on actual shelves at the library or in museums, but I hope ours has some longevity. All the issues are available in the archive section of our website, and in Stevens Point, Wisconsin (where we originally published), I know that an archivist from the city’s preservation society has been squirreling old issues from the local coffee shop that houses our community copies since the beginning. Back issues are, of course, available to read at the Denver Zine Library. While it isn’t the same, it has its own value and audience, I think.

CBJ: Have you received any negative reactions, or have you been ostracized by any members of the artistic, especially, literary, community because of your gender identification or your mission?

CT-H: Whew! I have absolutely had pushback. I think you will if you make art or amplify subjects that push boundaries. I was banned for life from a local small town Wisconsin Art Board because I proposed a show that included photographs of a (fully clothed) gay couple. They took the benevolent stance that it was for my own safety and well-being. An art curator for a museum once told me that I needed to start using my intelligence and gifts for “good rather than evil” after I gave her a rather scathing review of an art show she put on that was incredibly racist in nature. I’ve also gotten a lot of dismissal, from people saying that I shouldn’t make affirming artwork for LGBTIQA2+ people and amplify it when I am an LGBTIQA2+ person who will directly benefit, which is…certainly words in an order. I’ve not understood that stance personally – who better to talk about being a thing than a person who is?

I’ve been somewhat surprised and pleased that – especially when I was in a small town in central Wisconsin – all the pushback and burned bridges happened in relation to things I was doing rather than who I was (although when you get critiqued for queer art, it can feel like it is about who you are). But regardless, I’ve never let that stop me. I actually got that same show that the Board banned me from, at the Board’s standard show locale, by reaching out to the owner (who was a personal friend), instead. Whenever there is a white, cisgender, heterosexual-led institution saying “no,” there’s a person of color or LGBTIQA2+ person who got tired of hearing “no” who has made an avenue of opportunity for themselves and others. You just have to find it.

CBJ: Are there any emerging writers that you would recommend to readers? Are any of them bringing something new to the table?

CT-H: So, so many! I want to shout out many of The B’K writers, but I don’t want to play favorites; so, instead, I want to talk about three amazing authors. Tommy Orange, Mason Deaver, Mariama J. Lockington are three novelists I would highly recommend. They bring themselves to the table and write from a perspective all their own, and that’s what I value so much with their writing. Orange’s novel, “There There,” shows different Indigenous people as they prepare for a powwow for different reasons. He is an enrolled member of the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes of Oklahoma and created all kinds of characters with different attachments to their own Indigeneity, including Indigenous folks who are finding their way back to their roots through the powwow after being separated generations ago – which is my situation and which spoke to me. Deaver’s debut novel, “I Wish You All the Best,” introduces a nonbinary individual who is thrown out of their home when they come out. It’s heart-wrenching and provides a snapshot into the nuance of living that identity while still a minor – something I can’t even imagine. And Lockington’s novel, “For Black Girls Like Me,” tells the story of Makeda, a Black girl adopted by a white family, and what navigating that world is like for her.

In all three cases, the authors belong to the identity they are writing about and can provide real-to-life perspectives for. They aren’t imagining from a place of privilege; these are real stories with real nuance, despite being fiction.

CBJ: Expand on a topic such as whether trans activism constitutes a movement; or whether trans writers & editors & publishers should attempt to enter the mainstream literary community; or what “allies” can do to facilitate success in visual and literary practice & publishing, including, small press publishing, by trans artists; or maybe you could discuss the merits of political art as it pertains to trans artists & writers.

CT-H: I feel like too many cisgender people believe that there’s some sort of organized trans agenda that trans activists are fighting towards that would demand people give up their personal identities and assume some sort of gender fluidity. But all that trans activists are asking for is the right to live their lives in peace as the gender they identify—without experiencing job discrimination, housing discrimination, humiliation in public restrooms, and hate crimes. That’s it; that’s the grand trans agenda. There was this great Tweet thread going around about how the TERF version of a martyr is someone getting kicked out of a gay bar for wearing a hate group’s shirt and spouting transphobic slogans while trans people are busy sending each other the same $20 for fundraisers necessitated from lost jobs, housing discrimination fallout, and non-trans-inclusive health insurance. Trans people are just trying to live.

Trans writers, editors, and publishers are attempting to enter the mainstream literary community – to have increased visibility and reach beyond the “choir” – but we don’t really have a lot of control as to whether or not the mainstream community will have us, which is why we often have to make our own spaces. Eventually, we get chastised for having our own space at all – from the mainstream communityclaiming we are being exclusionary—and from our allies claiming that we’re separating ourselves and causing an “elite,” secret collection of knowledge.

It reminds me of that Alex Norris webcomic ( https://tmblr.co/ZJf5Lg2irxa_D). The first cell shows a grouping of gray blobs approaching three pink blobs saying “You do not fit in here.” The second cell shows pink blobs in a smaller enclosed space saying “Okay, we will make our own place.” In the third cell, gray blobs approach the smaller space saying, “Why are you excluding us,” and the pink blobs respond “Oh no.”

Often cisgender writers will be published telling trans stories, and they’ll be heralded as brave and insightful, heaped with praise. When transgender writers try to publish and tell our own stories, we’re told there isn’t an audience for our stories. You see this play out time and again in Hollywood for movies as well.

But, trans artists and activists continue to do the work, because we need to. It’s necessary to tell our stories and demystify our existence, for our survival, when the opposing viewpoint is that we shouldn’t exist and that our existence is dangerous. We make our own publications, zines, chapbooks; we self-publish and attend zine fests and spread that information as much as we can without the acceptance or help of the mainstream literary community.

The good news is that I’ve seen a bit of a shift with the smaller mainstream publishers. There seems to be more of an effort to pay attention to who is telling the story and more of an effort to bring in creators from historically marginalized communities in general. I think the biggest things that allies could do is ask for those stories and encourage that change; show there’s a market; prioritize and amplify stories written about trans people by trans people. If our allies show there’s a market demand and that those who tell the stories matter to them as readers, free-market capitalism says that those in decision-making positions in the literary community will have to supply.

CBJ: Thanks for sharing your vision and mission with us, Chris. You, your peers, and your allies are changing narratives about LGBTIQA2+ realities, having the potential to change society, including Formalist aesthetics and the literary establishment.

Clara B. Jones is a Knowledge Worker practicing in Silver Spring, MD, USA. Among other writings, she is author of /feminine nature/ [Gauss PDF, 2017]. Clara, also, conducts research on experimental literature, Surrealism, radical publishing, as well as, art & technology.

An Interview with Kathleen Graber from Prismatics

Prismatics: Larry Levis & Contemporary American Poetry (Diode Editions, 2020) is a collection of the full-length transcriptions of the extended interviews Gregory Donovan and Michele Poulos conducted with a group of America’s most notable poets—including two U.S. Poet Laureates—in making the documentary film A Late Style of Fire: Larry Levis, American Poet. These discussions cover not only their relationships with Levis and his poetry, but also more wide-ranging commentaries on a broad spectrum of American literary life.

Here, they sit down with Kathleen Graber, author of new poetry collection The River Twice (Princeton University Press), winner of the UNT Rilke Prize.

Michele Poulos: Tony Hoagland, in his essay “Flight and Arrival,” discusses Levis’s various muses: oblivion, self-annihilation, extinction of the self, the end of his life, and perhaps—I’m not quoting precisely—the wish to be both present and yet always elsewhere, a longing to be nothing, which I think is provocative. Then you have what might be the other extreme, which is somebody like David St. John who says in his essay in A Condition of the Spirit, “What I see happening is a real love of the world.” So, those are distinctions that I’d like to talk about in depth.

Kathleen Graber: When I was reading several essays, I was struck by a desire, on various critics’ parts, to make an either/or claim: you’re either nihilistic or you’re visionary in a sort of spiritual way. You’re in love with the world, or you’re in love with your own death. What I like about Levis, which makes him unique, is that it’s always both; there’s such a complexity and simultaneity of existing in those states. I’ve read essays where that has been described as sort of ping-pong, that he’s always oscillating between wanting an annihilation of the self and wanting a sort of visionary, Whitmanesque embrace of the world. He believes in the political reality—and that the political reality matters to him, as an heir to Philip Levine—or that he doesn’t at all, and he’s a surrealist at heart and an image-maker and that he’s much more interested in his interiority than he is in any kind of exteriority, and that the most you could say is that he somehow is constantly penduluming back and forth between those two impulses. It was interesting to read about that, because I certainly see all of that in his work.

But for me, it’s all stew. [Laughter.] It’s not “and then carrots, and then potatoes, then meat.” It’s sort of like, “No, it’s all in there, together, at the same time,” and it doesn’t feel like a contradiction, because poetry isn’t about putting forth a philosophical program or a metaphysics. He’s not obligated to choose; he’s merely obligated to be honest about what it feels like to be human, and I think that that is what it feels like to be human. I think that we do realize that people actually really do suffer. There actually really is pain and political reality and oppression, war, violence in the world, and that at the same time we have an inner life that can be, at times, completely disconnected from that, and that we can be preoccupied with our own interiority given the extremity of our own personal life at the same time that we are aware of what’s going on in the world around us—those aren’t mutually exclusive psychic states, for me anyway. 

So that’s one way of breaking out of a fractious interpretation of his work.

There’s been a fascination with saying he’s a nihilistic poet or a morbid poet, and it gave me a lot of pause because I had to stop and think, “Well, what do people mean when they say something like that, when they use a world like ‘nihilism,’ which is a sort of slippery term. And I wonder whether some spiritual people will simply say, “If you have no faith, you’re nihilistic,” or, “If you don’t believe in an afterlife, that’s a kind of nihilism,” or, “You don’t believe the world has an objective meaning other than whatever meaning we ascribe to it, and that’s nihilism.” I think that in Levis’s work, there’s always a sense of another world beyond this one. I don’t think he believes in an afterlife per se, but I think he feels a profound, ineffable––and that’s a term that comes up in more than one poem––something, something that is beyond our capacity to articulate it, that infuses the world with what feels to me like tremendous . . . tenderness. So I don’t see the poems as nihilistic; I see them as heartbreaking and sad, and there is a loneliness, but I think that all of those emotions come out of this tremendous sense of being unable to fully connect in a communion with the world. And I think that’s the human condition; I think we all feel it. I think if his poems are moving and popular, it’s partly because he, more than any contemporary poet, captures that longing, that sense of being haunted by an elusive otherness to which we belong and don’t belong.

I don’t know if that’s going to translate or make any sense, but I was just reading one of his own essays, and he spoke a lot about animals in poems. Horses are so essential. Horses and stars are probably the two most important images—or among the most important, recurring images—in his poems. And so I stopped when I read that, because I’m always so moved by his horses. And what he says about horses is that the horse is the poet, the horse stands in for the muteness of the poet, for what the poet can’t say but wants to express, that that’s the function of animals—their languagelessness. On the other hand, there’s also a sense that they have access to another realm—and whether these two things are related, whether they’re corollary conditions—that because they have no language, they have managed to retain and have access to a sort of instinctive understanding that we have now lost—because one of the barriers for us might be intellectualization; it might be consciousness; it might be language, which might be the byproduct of consciousness.

And so we look at them, and we are filled with a kind of envy for their ability to simply be, that they’re mortal beings that have, as far as we know, no preoccupation with their own mortality. They have no ambition––and there’s another thought connected to this––perhaps beyond being what they are, and so they don’t struggle with a sense of self-identity. You know, a horse is a horse. Having said that, a horse is a particularly fascinating animal to have chosen as your avatar, because there are very few purely wild horses left in the world. Horses are essentially domestic, broken, corralled beings. So in that way, they are the absolute threshold between realms—maybe dogs would be another example of these beings, or cows, but cows don’t have the grace of a horse; a horse retains more of its wildness than a cow or a dog, yet it’s a domestic animal; it’s more powerful in some way and has a lot of really primitive associations attached to it—so, the horse is a threshold between a human world and a purely animal world.

And so, I’d hate to use “unconscious” or “subconscious,” but at the level of metaphor, the level of image-making, it’s not by chance that this is the animal to which he’s most attracted and in which he finds a corollary. Some of the horses are workhorses, farm horses; some of the horses are racehorses. And it’s hard not to think of the racehorse as a metaphor for the poem, or for the poet, right? It’s a thing that wants to transcend itself, that runs as fast as it can to the point of self-destruction, not because it’s pursuing self-destruction. If it destroys itself it’s a byproduct of simply running really, really fast to doing the thing that is most in its essential nature to do. It has been put here to do that, and in the process of doing that, it inadvertently injures itself because it has no sense of its own limitation. So if people are going to ask about the connection between creativity and self-destruction, I don’t believe that people set out courting self-destruction; I feel that they may have an obliviousness to their own limitations that then, in the pursuit of a kind of creative transcendence, leads them to fall into a pattern of self-destruction.

MP: Would you mind, for the sake of the movie, revisiting that idea about limitations? I know that there was a complete overarching idea, and maybe we could try to encapsulate it for the film.

KG: I’ll try. I’ll have to go back to horses. Is that okay?

MP: Sure, yes.

KG: So, I can refer to “There are Two Worlds.” It’s not a poem that’s actually anthologized out of Winter Stars. It wasn’t in the Selected, and I can understand why. It’s not a poem without flaws, but it’s a poem of so many achievements—and there’s a recurring metaphor. First of all, the poem starts with the line, “Perhaps the ankle of a horse is holy,” which, when I read that for the first time, I just had to stop. That was as far as I got. I closed the book and said, “Okay, I’m just going to think about that one for a while.” I can’t articulate why I find that to be such a moving line. I think some of it is personal. My father loved the horse races, so that a big bond that I had with my father was about horse racing, the history of horse racing. There was a great horse, War Admiral, and he actually was cut stumbling out of the gate but won the race anyway.  He was there in the winner’s circle, bleeding out from his ankle, in fact. And then for a long time––we don’t have it now––we had a picture of my father as a bystander, because it was during World War II, and there weren’t many spectators at horse races in the middle of the war, and so for the few spectators who were there, you could get onto the track and you could get very close to the horses and to the action. So, my father was in the winner’s circle with War Admiral. Then minutes later, the horse was taken away covered in blood.

Now, as soon as I say that, I question it. I’m like, “Is it War Admiral?” I’m out of practice. Is it a different horse? I want to say, “Could it have been Count Fleet?” Then I think it was Whirlaway. But, maybe I’ve gotten it wrong. This is where I would have to Google it. Anyway, “Perhaps the ankle of a horse is holy” moves me deeply, and it’s simply because so much power rests on such a tiny, fragile joint. And so the poem goes through a lot of moves in a very quick space there, and it gets to a point where it says—it repeats itself— “If the ankle of a horse is holy, & if it fails / In the stretch & the horse goes down, & / The jockey in the bright shout of his silks / Is pitched headlong onto / The track, & maimed, & if later, the horse is / Destroyed, & all that is holy // Is also destroyed: hundreds of bones and muscles that / Tried their best to be pure flight, a lyric / Made flesh, then // I would like to go home, please.” And I have always read that as a metaphor for the work of the poet, that the poet is a lyric made flesh. It wants to be transported. It wants to become the poem in some way. And so a poet who, in the act of writing, has that rare experience of being carried away by the process is very much like a horse wanting only to fly, running as fast as it can down the track. And in some way we might say that one part of our being is the horse; there’s another part of our being that is “the jockey in the bright shout of his silks.” And as a byproduct of the horse’s exuberant desire for flight, the jockey is maimed. That is the most articulate expression that I can think of to explain why sometimes creative people suffer tremendously, seemingly at their own hands. I always tell my students, “You don’t need to look for sorrow; you don’t need to look for heartache if you think that that’s where great creativity comes from. Just wait. You don’t have to go looking; it will find you. That’s part of being human.” But I think there is a mythology that that is a conscious courting of the darkness, and to me, I don’t think it is. I think it is this other thing, where something out of control happens, an unconsciousness of the limitation of the being.

MP: Do you remember being first introduced to his work? 

KG: For someone as old as I am, I came to poetry late in my life, and the consequence of that is that by the time I first read Larry Levis’s poems, he was already deceased, and I think it may have been Mark Doty who said to me, “Here’s a poet you’ll really like. Go see if you can find it.” And there was a really fabulous independent bookstore on the campus, or what came to be called a campus, on Washington Square Park. It’s now a bodega. But they were going out of business, and that was where I bought Winter Stars. It was the only Levis book left on the shelf, and that was the first one that I bought, and it was a really transformative moment for me. Now if anyone were to ask me, “Who are your essential poets?” I would say, “Levis and Gilbert and Charles Wright.” And up until that point, I would have said, “Charles Wright.” So I came to Levis and Gilbert later than I came to Charles Wright, and I think that anyone can see the similarities between Wright and Levis. When I read Charles Wright, I thought, “Oh, I’m in the presence of a mind that works like my mind works, how that moves: it’s fluid, it’s moving, it’s shifting, anything can be in the poem, it goes from topic to topic.” I called it “juggling.” And the things that are being juggled are not always similar. I think that Levis is a more extravagant juggler than Charles Wright is. Charles Wright has got his act much more under control, and I think Levis is juggling chainsaws and flaming batons, simultaneously, and then with a bowling ball and a bowling pin—so, things of very dissimilar weight, size, gravity. I feel like with Charles Wright, it’s much more orchestrated. Levis sometimes feels out of control, but that’s the exhilaration of it, right? If there’s not a churning chainsaw [laughter], you lose something. Three bowling pins are not as exciting.

MP: In an interview with J.D. McClatchy, Wright was asked about some of the religious motifs in his poems, and McClatchy basically suggests that Wright’s argument is “the absence of belief.” And I asked him if he would agree with that, and he said, “Oh, I absolutely agree with that.” Then I asked him about Larry’s argument, and I guess I’ll ask you the same thing, if that’s something that you’re comfortable talking about. What is the argument Larry makes?

KG: I don’t think it’s about the absence of faith. I think Charles Wright has less faith than Larry Levis has. Charles Wright has a tremendous fascination with faith and with spirituality, and he, I believe, wants very, very much to believe, wishes he believed, but it doesn’t work that way. Unfortunately, you can’t make yourself believe. So if the horse is recurring and stars are recurring in Levis’s, wind might stand in in Charles Wright’s work for the divine or some sense of something bigger than we are that moves through us. It’s invisible; we can feel it, but we can’t capture it. If we hold it, if we still it, it’s lost. So, it’s not completely true that there isn’t a presence, or there aren’t hints in Wright of some wavering of his atheism. You can ask him if he feels that. I feel like sometimes he thinks, “Well, maybe I’m not as certain as I used to be,” or maybe, “Today I’m not as certain as I was yesterday. Tomorrow I can be certain again. But right now, I don’t know. Something feels different.” And with Levis I feel like there’s always a sense of, “I have no faith in an afterlife or a god or a design or a plan or anything like that. That’s not what I feel; I just feel a sort of faith that it matters in some way––that we don’t suffer without reason, or that it doesn’t matter if we could make the world a better place, or we could alleviate our own sorrow or someone else’s sorrow––that those things do matter profoundly. They don’t matter because there’s another world in which we’ll be rewarded or not be rewarded; they matter profoundly because people shouldn’t suffer in their lives. And if we can make someone’s life better or our own life better, we should do it. And if we can find a way into consolation or a way into feeling like a part of the universe, then wow, let me try as much as I can; let me chase it as far as I can and see if I can’t pin it down. But part, of course, of its beauty is that it resists us, that feeling of belonging.” But I believe he believes that it’s out there, and it’s worth pursuing. And that seems like a kind of faith to me.

___________

Gregory Donovan, the film’s producer, is the author of the poetry collections Torn From the Sun (Red Hen Press, 2015), long-listed for the Julie Suk Award, and Calling His Children Home (University of Missouri Press), which won the Devins Award for Poetry. His poetry, essays, and translations have been published in The Kenyon Review, The Southern Review, Crazyhorse, Copper Nickel, TriQuarterly, and many other journals. His work has also appeared in several anthologies, including Common Wealth: Contemporary Poets of Virginia (University of Virginia Press). Among other awards for his writing, he is the recipient of the Robert Penn Warren Award from New England Writers as well as grants from the Virginia Commission for the Arts and fellowships from the Ucross Foundation and the Virginia Center for the Creative Arts. Donovan has served as a visiting writer and guest faculty for a number of summer conferences and low-residency programs, such as the Bread Loaf Writers’ Conference, the Chautauqua Institution Writers’ Center, and the University of Tampa MFA program. Donovan is Professor of English at Virginia Commonwealth University, where he helped establish its MFA program, and he is a founding editor of Blackbird: an online journal of literature and the arts. 

__________________


Poet, screenwriter, and filmmaker Michele Poulos directed and produced A Late Style of Fire: Larry Levis, American Poet. Poulos is the author of the poetry collectionBlack Laurel(Iris Press, 2016) and the chapbook A Disturbance in the Air, which won the 2012 Slapering Hol Press Chapbook Competition. Her screenplay, Mule Bone Blues, about Zora Neale Hurston and Langston Hughes, won the 2010 Virginia Screenwriting Competition and was a second round finalist in the 2017 Sundance Screenwriters Lab competition. Her poetry and fiction have been published in The Southern Review, Copper Nickel, Smartish Pace, Crab Orchard Review, and many other journals. She has won fellowships from the Virginia G. Piper Center for Creative Writing and the David Baldacci Foundation. Poulos has taught creative writing courses at Virginia Commonwealth University and Arizona State University, and has been invited for readings and as a guest lecturer at the College of William & Mary, University of Utah, Drew University, Columbus College of Art & Design, and the O Miami Poetry Festival, among other universities and writing conferences. She is currently at work on a feature-length documentary about women’s participation in Mardi Gras.

An Interview with Troy James Weaver

(Apocalypse Party, 2020)

INTERVIEW BY KELBY LOSACK

Troy James Weaver is the author of Witchita Stories, Visions, Temporal, and Marigold. He lives in Wichita, Kansas with his wife and dogs. I’ve been hooked on the kid’s writing since seeing his first reading ever in Norman, Oklahoma, where his words and his voice had a smoky bar full of tweakers using their handlebar mustaches to wipe tears from their faces. Weaver’s writing is refreshingly human, finding the beautiful within the ugly and vice versa. His characters are reflections. Though he writes with the experience and insight of a 700-year-old Buddhist monk, I refer to him as “the kid” because—in spite of the loss and heartache spilling from his pen—Weaver writes with a level of empathy only an unjaded child could muster. And that blend of honesty with compassion is hard to find in an increasingly nihilistic, cynical landscape. I reached out one night to discuss with the kid his most recent book, Selected Stories, and after our conversation, I ascended to the highest plane of enlightenment. 

Blood doesn’t come out of a puncture much more than a dot. You could run a sharpened dowel through somebody and yank it out and you’d barely see a drop or two. I don’t even know why they bother with the cotton swab after a shot. Just roll your sleeve down and move on. That’s how my brother does it. Sometimes there might be a smear of bleed-through, but it’s rare that you’ll see it. Dark-colored shirts, an expert. He doesn’t bother rolling them down for me, though. He knows I know what he does.

~Troy James Weaver, Selected Stories, 2020 [30]

KELBY LOSACK: The common thread through this collection seems to be this clinging to memories of a lost life, a lamenting of literal death, or what could have been, or of a lifestyle being reshaped around sudden changes. How often was death on your mind while penning these stories?

TROY JAMES WEAVER: All the time. I lost my dad and my father-in-law a year apart from each other. Most of these stories were written during that time, with a couple of exceptions. In choosing the stories, too, I wanted the tone to be consistent.

Experiencing death changes you.

I think my characters are working through the same state of confusion I was working through at the time, though I didn’t realize it then.

KL: There is a strange relationship that’s hard to navigate after a close one passes, right? The way you wrote about characters mourning in “Construction” and in “Instructions for Mourning,” for example—like, sometimes you find yourself mourning in very bizarre ways. Or you try to find ways to communicate with the spirit or memory of that person, in a totem such as an unearthed alien plush toy or one of those lifelike sex dolls. In a way, those are no different than an RIP tattoo, right? What are your thoughts on how we commemorate and communicate with our loved ones post-mortem?

TJW: Yes, it’s very strange. I don’t know that grief goes away and that’s why it’s confusing. Objects become sacred to you because the person who owned the object was sacred to you. I think I communicate through art. Sometimes it feels like an exorcism. In a way, it immortalizes not only them, but us, writer and subject, together.

I have a hard time articulating what I mean, because these immense losses still affect me every day. I’m still trying to figure it all out.

KL: I feel you on that, big time, and I think art is a great way to articulate what can’t easily be expressed. The tone of nearly every part of Selected Stories carries that sense of trying to maintain remnants of the past in a rapidly shifting present.

I remember you mentioning somewhere that this would be your last book for a while. Is this still the case and what made you decide that?

TJW: I’m just tired of publishing shit. I’m going to be writing, for sure. I’m just not going to send it anywhere. Just tired of giving a fuck. I don’t like all the shit you have to do. Like all the posting and the trying to sell yourself shit you have to do.

KL: Yeah, fuck being a brand, fuck selling shit. It’s almost like people turn their noses up, too, when you talk about just caring about the art and they’re like, “yeah, but I gotta put food on the table and blah blah blah,” like okay cool, get a job maybe?

I just dig art that comes from a genuine place that isn’t trying to pander to anything. Art that communicates something beyond “I really wanted a book deal so here’s this algorithmic bullshit.”

I’m of the mind artists should probably never live off of their art. There’s something lost in the voice of someone who’s not putting in some kind of daily grind separate from their art. And maybe that separation of monetary pursuit and creative expression is the key to making honest art? Just feels like a lot of shit is materialistic, lacking soul. How do you think having a regular job affects your voice as a writer?

TJW: Exactly. I just want to feel the pureness of it again. And I do. I think I got lost in the idea that anybody gave a shit. And that’s fine. But I realized I don’t care if anybody else gives a shit. I give a shit. Having a regular job makes the stories happen. Living a regular life makes the stories happen. I’ve never understood these Ivy League, Big Five writers, trying to write about shit they clearly don’t understand. And also, I find their books to be suspect in almost every way and just straight up fucking dull half the time. There are a few exceptions, but most of it is dishonest bullshit. If I see Rhodes Scholar on the jacket copy, I’m passing. That’s all I’m saying.

KL: I fuck with everything you said 100%. What is the remedy to the situation, do you think? Self-publishing, zines, keeping it all to yourself? Something else?

TJW: I don’t know. I mean, I’ll publish again, just not soon. And as for the Ivy-leaguers, they’ll always be there. I think small presses and indie lit and whatnot are fighting the good fight, I just think we should be slinging more molotovs at the establishment. Make them notice. Get in some shit. Sling mud. Talk shit. Burn it down. Don’t be nice just because you think it will help your “career.” You won’t have a career, or it’ll be a mediocre one, if you don’t say what the fuck is on your mind and mean it.

KL: You’re speaking my language, man. I love the attitude. You’ve had a good streak of small press relationships, speaking of… Disorder, Broken River, King Shot, Future Tense… what made you link up with Apocalypse Party for this collection, and whose awesome decision was it to start a love story on page 69?

TJW: Apocalypse Party is just a cool new press. I think [Benjamin DeVos] is a great writer and I love working with people who are truly enthusiastic about what you do. He’s like that. So that’s how that worked out. I half-jokingly tweeted about putting out a collection and he and a handful of other presses hit me up and I already liked Ben and knew what he was about, so I immediately sent him what I had.

As for that story on that page, that must’ve been the genius that is Ben. Or pure coincidence. I’m not telling.

KL: Hell yeah, Ben is good people. Dude’s got good taste in music, too. What have you been listening to lately? I remember thinking of your last novel, Temporal, as like a shoegaze album in literary form. Selected Stories feels like the blues. Like raw, deep south, hole-in-your-gut blues.

TJW: Sparklehorse’s first three records, mostly the first one. That song “Spirit Ditch” is my jam. (Sandy) Alex G. Lewis’ L’Amour. Polvo. Slint. JPEGMAFIA. Nick Cave. Rapeman. Elliott Smith. 100 Gecs. Robert Johnson. Blind Willie McTell. Skip James. Boredoms. Hasil Adkins.

KL: So I wasn’t too far off, got some Blind Willie in there. JPEGMAFIA is my favorite artist of the moment. And I’ve been going back and listening to Two Nuns and a Pack Mule since you turned me on to Rapeman a while back. I think noise music is the perfect soundtrack to our current era.

TJW: For sure. The insanity is a mirror.

KELBY LOSACK is the author of The Way We Came In and Heathenish, both published by Broken River Books. He lives with his wife in Gulf Coast Texas, where he builds custom furniture and hangs out with rappers.

Boat Burned: An Interview with Kelly Grace Thomas

Yes Yes Books, 2020

Kelly Grace Thomas’s poem “There is no metaphor for my mouth” appeared in the Fall/Winter 2016 issue of [PANK] Magazine. Her debut collection, Boat Burned, was released by YesYes Books on January 7, 2020. Julia Klochinsky, author of two forthcoming collections, Don’t Touch the Bones (Lost Horse Press, 2020) and 40 Weeks (YesYes Books, 2021), interviews her press mate Kelly Grace Thomas, to discuss the silence around women’s bodies, her relationships to Boat, and the use of metaphor in her poetry. 

Julia Kolchinsky Dasbach: Boat Burned is a remarkable collection of relation, exploring what it means to be a daughter, sister, wife, and women within one’s own boat-body. I wonder if we can begin by talking about some of the relationships that guide this book. Could you help navigate us through the uncharted waters of these relationships, from familial trauma to romantic love to self-acceptance?  

Kelly Grace Thomas: Relationships are a mirror: they reflect your brightest shine and your deepest shame. This book started through an urgency to understand and eventually heal the relationship I have with myself. 

I have always had a complicated relationship with my body. From eating disorders to body dysmorphia, I felt the pressure to look and perform certain ways as a woman. However, when I really examined these expectations, and where they came from I realized they more than billboards and body types. They came from my parent’s divorce, my great grandmother’s criticism, and the abusive relationship I found myself in, at the young age of 18. The ways I have been taught to woman literally made me sick.

Throughout writing this book I started asking why I needed to uncover the root cause. I started examining all the relationships in my life, but most importantly my relationship with my body.

At first, talking directly to these parts of myself was too painful, I didn’t know how. There was so much sadness and anger, so I reached my metaphor to help me navigate these waters. To look at the body as something separate from me, to try and heal and repair. When you heal yourself, you heal others, especially your relationship with them. I don’t think I could even truly love before writing these poems. Boat Burned helped give me the strength to identify false beliefs, burn them down and build something new. 

JKD: So your own relationship to poetry is therapeutic and cathartic, yes? Is this what most often brings you to the page, the desire to heal, or are there other motivations for this book or your newer work?  

KGT: I come to the page to break the silence. Of course, there is always the hope that healing will occur but more than anything I think I need to talk about what’s hurting.  Poetry offers companionship and comfort that most other things do not, it takes you into a room of your own and holds your hand until what needs to pass passes. Or processes. 

Most of my life, every experience I’ve had has an aftertaste of loneliness, even during the happiest times, surrounded by so many friends and family, there is still this feeling of isolation. The only way to fight it is through connection: to others, to myself, to nature. Poetry gifts me that, it builds a bridge. 

Women’s bodies are a paradox of pleasure and punishment. Women are lusted after for their curves, breasts, even compassion; but when it comes to anything from menstruation to miscarriage there is this echoing silence, often cloaked shame. This past summer, I was granted a fellowship for the Martha’s Vineyard Institute of Creative Writing, while there I was sitting with a group of women writers this topic came up. I asked them how they learned about their bodies. 

Silence. 

Not one of them could point to someone who had tried to teach them how to know their body or more importantly how to love their body. 

This past year my husband and I have been dealing with infertility issues. I have never experienced something so painful in my life. To try and process I looked into counseling and support groups, but there isn’t much out there. Yet another issue about a woman’s body that is seldom discussed. 

Poetry works against the silence, to grant permission, offers companionship, and talk about all these hard and lonely things: my father leaving, my family’s bankruptcy and foreclosures, another negative pregnancy test. I make a deal with myself:  get the grief out, write the poem, put it into the world. Poetry helps me be brave. It is the easiest way for me to approach my darkness and my joy. 

JKD: Why poetry? What does poetry hold for you that other genres do not? 

KGT: A dear friend of mine and founder of Get Lit-Words Ignite, Diane Luby Lane always quotes Walt Whitman, “how quick the sun-rise would kill me / If I could not now and always send sun-rise out of me.” Everything breaks my heart, from the wildflowers on the freeway to how a glass of Cabernet looks like crushed velvet in the sun. I feel it all so much. Poetry allows me to send the sun-rise or sadness out of me without all the rules and restrictions of other genres. 

Poems grant permission to play with the wildness of language. To chisel a complicated emotion into a  haunting image, to reach for metaphor and sketch the different shades and shapes of the self. I love the idea that you don’t need to understand a poem, you just need to feel it. I have always been drawn to the inventiveness of language, to build a vessel for a universal ache. Poetry allows me an openness to experiment in a way that other forms don’t, to connect fast and deep.

When I began writing Boat Burned, I had spent 35 years not talking about what needed to be talked about. Then suddenly through a single metaphor: woman as boat,  I was able to sit close enough to start the conversation, to not approach the hurt head-on, as one would in nonfiction, or dialogue but find another door to walk through. Poetry has built so many hallways and houses for me. 

JKD: Why did you land on boat? (Pun very much intended.) In your book, boat seems to be a metaphor for so many things, the woman’s body, yes, but also unforeseen physical and emotional violence, the family unit rocking on unsteady waters, and so much more. And to that end, if woman metamorphoses into boat, what does that make the water, which seems as central to the world of Boat Burned as the boats traversing its waves? 

KGT: My first word was boat, I had completely forgotten about this until my mother reminded me in a conversation about my book.  Boats have always been a huge part of my family, the one thing that brought us together, and also a way of saying goodbye. 

When I was young my parents separated and my father moved in with his girlfriend. While my mom and dad were no longer together, it was still important that we all spend time as a family. We would spend Tuesday and Thursday night together and all day Sunday with my mother, sister, and I. We spent almost every Sunday on the water. Once we were far enough out, my dad would turn off the engine. It was so peaceful, the wind vibrating in the sail, the water kissing the bow, my feet over the side dipped into the salt water, it felt like nothing could touch us. On the boat, we were together again, away from complications of failed relationships, weekly schedules. 

A few years later my dad’s business went bankrupt. He lost everything. The bank foreclosed his house and he decided to relocate and rebuild his life in his home state of Florida, while we stayed in New Jersey. The boat was all he had left, so to say goodbye we spent a month sailing from New Jersey to Florida. Many of the poems in Boat Burned center around this experience. In this way, our boat felt like the salve and the wound. While for that month of adventure we were together again, there was a countdown looming to when I had to say goodbye to my father. 

For me, boats represent a women’s body, but also the setting where my family came together and broke apart. They represent the heaviness of marriage and the anchor of family, both steady and sinking. There were days we had to outrun storms, a night where we almost sunk in the middle of the dark Atlantic, times where I saw the possibility of us. At the same time, there was always a feeling we were looking at the end,  the sun would set, the wind would die, and I knew. I have a line in a poem that says, “a sailboat is the slowest goodbye.” For me, boats are both distance and longing. 

Boats are also extremely gendered. For centuries women were not allowed on boats, yet boats were considered shes. You can find a number of disgusting quotes comparing women to ships and how both need a man to control them. 

But it is not about control. Water will always be stronger than boat. Stronger than gender. It is the hands that hold us, the mother than covers us, the power and grace, that allows us. In the book water acts as a reminder, to look at energy over object. Women have been taught to deny their power for so long. The role of water is both a comfort and a reminder of the force of feminity when women allow themselves access to their own strength. This also serves as a reminder to myself. The manuscript ends, “they cannot sink us, if we name ourselves sea.” 

JKD: Who are the women, writers and not, who influence you most? Maybe you could tell us a bit the way their work, their influence, seeps into yours. 

My mother, without contest, has been the biggest influence in my life. She has always taught me so much about grace, about how to stay steadfast and grateful even in the roughest seas. My mother has passed down her legacy of kindness and patience. She taught me the importance of laughter and making the best out of anything. While she is the happiest woman I’ve ever met, growing up I could still feel her sadness. Her mother’s sadness. Her mother’s sadness. All this hurt women carry, but seldom talk about. The loneliness of that silence was a huge influence on this book. 

In terms of women writers who influence me, Patricia Smith and her book, Blood Dazzler has got to be my number one influence. That book broke language wide open for me. Showed me how to straightjacket a stanza through the teeth of precise verbs and the corset of form. 

I’m a self-taught poet. Everything I know I learned from reading and reading so many amazing poets. Reading Blood Dazzler felt like getting an MFA. Patricia’s work taught me that it is how you open the door of a poem, that really gives it its own legs. You must find a new way to introduce the same love and wounds we all share, once you mine the language that makes someone say, I’ve never heard that before. Patricia’s work taught me about relentless revision. I was determined to do everything I could to have a poem that fenced electricity the same way she did. 

There are also a number of contemporary female and non-binary poets who I go to for inspiration. Shira Erlichman, Rachel McKibbens, Marty McConnel, Tiana Clark, Paige Lewis, and so many more make me astound me with their lyric and innovation. Their work makes the alphabet new. The ability to create surprise in their work keeps me coming back. There are so many talented women and non-binary writers out that the change the way I look at poetry, and what it can do, daily. They are my  permission granters, their works whispers, “Of course you can.” 

JKD: What I admire so much about your writing is your way with metaphor, the way it begins as a governing principle of your poetry and then grows beyond comparison into a way of knowing, or not knowing perhaps. In your poem, “THERE IS NO METAPHOR FOR MY MOUTH” you take us through comparison by way of negation, showing us what the mouth is by cataloging what it isn’t, ultimately arriving at knowing, “And yes, I know something / of the night, / half-eaten and thick.” Could you tell us a bit about how this poem came to be? How do you use this very particular kind of negative metaphor to arrive at knowledge? 

KGT: Confession: I am metaphor obsessed if you couldn’t already tell. I’m drawn to their electricity and world-building power. You put two things together in a new association and all of sudden you have a new gravity,  a new emotional history or life story. For metaphor is a way to personalize the work without being too heavy with first-person perspective. 

“There is No Metaphor for My Mouth” was published in 2016 in [PANK]. I was reading “Insert Boy” by Danez Smith and read Smith’s poem “I’ll Spare You Another Poem about my Mouth.” I realized I had so few poems about my mouth. 

I use metaphor as a way to uncomplicate my relationship to my body. To other in an effort to understand, to address. Many of the metaphors in my work were created to grapple with guilt and shame. However, when thinking about the parts of my body, I didn’t feel the same about my mouth. The mouth felt like power. It is how I express my sexuality, how I use my voice. It felt strong. I thought about how in the past my voice had been threatened, but I’ve never felt embarrassed about speaking my mind. 

This poem is written with my first boyfriend in mind. I dated him for too many years, without knowing what a healthy relationship looked like, eventually, I learned that I was definitely not in one. I think this piece was born out of a place to take back the strength and power. To show this part of my body will always remain strong. The poem is written as a negation to address all the ways he might argue for my weakness, to show ultimately there is power in saying no repeatedly, in naming yourself instead of what someone else calls you. 

JKD: Now that Boat Burned is out in the world, what is next for you? Are you at work on a next manuscript or projects in other genres? What can we expect next from Kelly Grace Thomas, because I know I am already anxious for more! 

KGT: That is so sweet. Thanks, Julia. For me, the next thing is always beyond terrifying and exciting for me. It’s that moment where anything and everything is possible, but I always wonder if I’ll ever write anything “good” again. Whatever “good” means.  I wonder if all artists are as neurotic as I am. Haha. I blame growing up in Jersey, but I also know that it is neurosis that drives me. 

Outside of poetry, I am working on two projects. The first is a screenplay with my sister, Kat Thomas. We like to write romantic comedies with an emphasis on comedy. There is such reward in making people laugh. And it counterbalances my poems, which are usually soaked in sadness. I will be spending much of my winter vacation working with her to break story and develop characters. My sister and I have written together before, we wrote a romantic comedy about a pyramid scheme titled Magic Little Pills that won Best Feature in the Portland Comedy Film Festival. 

I am also currently working on a dystopian YA thriller called Only 10,001. My husband, Omid, has it has been reading it and giving me amazing feedback on conflict and characterization. I’m about halfway through but have taken a long three hour hiatus because of moving, getting married, working on my poetry collection. I’m hoping to finish my first draft of my novel in the new year. 

As for poetry, I am currently working on my second collection. I have about 50 first, second and third drafts. However, it is a collection that is deeply personal, even more so than Boat Burned, and that makes it a little more difficult to see its future. 

Over the past 12 months, my husband and I have been trying to build a family. However, after a year of no success and more invasive tests than I would wish on anyone, the doctors have identified some fertility issues.

Each month is a disappointment, it cracks me open, reminds me how fragile I feel, and how badly I want to be a mother. It’s tearing me up; writing helps. 

The stigma in society around fertility makes it even worse. From the blame culture, to the silence, to the lack of knowledge about women’s bodies. We know so little and it infuriates me. While I’m nervous to publish poems around fertility struggles in fear of writing a self-fulfilling prophecy, I also think that I owe myself to break the silence and stand with women who are going through the same silent and heavy heartbreak. 

One a lighter note. I am also working on a chapbook of love poems about my husband Omid. Patricia Smith has a wonderful list of overused words in love poems. I’m writing and trying to avoid these words when I can. It’s a great challenge. 

I have also been planning lots of readings in California and across the country to celebrate the launch of Boat Burned. I hope people will visit my website to see where I’m reading next. Excited to meet new friends and chat about poetry. 

KELLY GRACE THOMAS is the winner of the 2017 Neil Postman Award for Metaphor from Rattle, 2018 finalist for the Rita Dove Poetry Award and multiple pushcart prize nominee. Her first full-length collection, Boat Burned, will release with YesYes Books in January 2020. Kelly’s poems have appeared or are forthcoming in: Best New Poets 2019, Los Angeles Review, Redivider, Nashville Review, Muzzle, DIAGRAM, and more. Kelly currently works to bring poetry to underserved youth as the Director of Education and Pedagogy for Get Lit-Words Ignite. Kelly is a three-time poetry slam championship coach and the co-author of Words Ignite: Explore, Write and Perform, Classic and Spoken Word Poetry (Literary Riot), currently taught in the Los Angeles Unified School District. Kelly has received fellowships from Tin House Winter Workshop, Martha’s Vineyard Institute of Creative Writing and the Kenyon Review Young Writers. Kelly and her sister, Kat Thomas, won Best Feature Length Screenplay at the Portland Comedy Film Festival for their romantic comedy, Magic Little Pills. Kelly lives in the Bay Area with her husband, Omid, and is currently working on her debut novel, a YA thriller, titled Only 10.001. www.kellygracethomas.com 

JULIA KOLCHINSKY DASBACH came to the United States as a Jewish refugee in 1993, from Dnepropetrovsk, Ukraine, and grew up in the DC metro area suburb of Rockville, Maryland. She spent three years in Eugene, earning an MFA in Poetry from the University of Oregon is currently back east, working towards a Ph.D. in Comparative Literature and Literary Theory at the University of Pennsylvania. Her research focuses on contemporary poetry about the Holocaust, with a special focus on atrocity in former Soviet territories. Julia is the author of The Many Names for Mother, selected by Ellen Bass as the winner of the 2018 Stan and Tom Wick Poetry Prize, now available from Kent State University Press or other book retailers. Purchase her chapbook, The Bear Who Ate the Stars (Split Lip Press, 2014), before it goes out of print in 2020. Her second collection, Don’t Touch the Bones won the 2019 Idaho Poetry Prize and is forthcoming from Lost Horse Press in March 2020. Look out for her newest collection, 40 WEEKS, forthcoming from YesYes Books in 2021. You can find her recent poems in POETRY, American Poetry Review, and The Nation, among others. Julia lives in Philly with her two kids, two cats, one dog, and one husband. She edits Construction and occasionally writes Other women don’t tell you, a blog about motherhood.

An Interview with Nora Collen Fulton

(Hiding Press, 2019)

INTERVIEW BY CLARA B. JONES

Writer Nora Collen Fulton lives in Montreal where she is a graduate student studying English literature. Recently, I received a copy of her new book, Presence Detection System (Hiding Press, 2019). Hiding Press publishes “new works of experimental literature as well as neglected older work in the same vein.” Publisher Andy Martrichn describes the work Fulton does in Presence Detection System as “refracting a dynamism of language wrapped up in a sort of codified imagery. Where are lines drawn? I think that Fulton leaves that up to us to decide, and for that reason there’s a good amount of space to move around, engage, and change one’s mind from within the text.” My interest was piqued. The following interview was conducted via e-mail; only minor edits were made by me.

As cat behaviourist Jackson Galaxy

points out, the ally figure reoccurs elsewhere, in two passages

from Mom’s work which both, interestingly, concern music.

We are further indebted to Galaxy for tracing this theme

to yet another PDS, this time by Keith the Chocolate Shaman—

A Rug Suspended 1,000th / 1mm Of The Ground—which, as he notes,

explores “the monocameral walled wall’s petition-like dream”

(Toward the PDSs of My Mother, 98). From this point of view,

the golden dude bargaining with his own complicity and privilege

in the presence detection system’s lines symbolizes the camp itself.

~Nora Collen Fulton, Presence Detection System, 2019 [59]

 

CLARA B. JONES: Imagine that you have invited three persons to dinner and the four of you are discussing PDS. Who would your guests be, and what would you serve for dinner? Why these three individuals, and how does the food relate to your book?

NORA COLLEN FULTON: I love this question! I think anyone who has some familiarity with the way I present myself to the world knows that I love making food, especially for other people. I’m kind of good at it too. I’m going to be a bit liberal with your question and say that the three people I would invite are Laura Riding, Alain Badiou and Bertolt Brecht. The reason being that Riding is my favourite poet, Badiou is my favourite philosopher, and Brecht is my favourite short German revolutionary playwright. I think that Riding and Badiou would probably have really steamy chemistry with each other, but they would get constantly cockblocked by Brecht all night, because Badiou would hate him and Riding would secretly like him… But he would openly dislike her. I also think even though I love these three so much they probably are/would be pretty shitty about trans people. However, I would use my feminine wiles, self-deprecating charm and homey cooking skills to woo them over to the ways of trans-allydom. I would make the thing I always like to make for people when they come over, which is some kind of whole fish, Greek sea-bass probably, maybe pan-fried in oil with a cilantro sauce and tomatillo filling. The topic of my book probably wouldn’t come up.

CBJ: When did you begin to think of yourself as a writer? Who have been your greatest influences?

NCF: The first time I thought I might really want to keep writing poetry was in a class about contemporary Chinese poetry taught by a visiting professor and avant-garde poet from Beijing named Xi Chuan that I took when I was around 22. I remember one day he said: “Many people can be a poet for five years. Many people can be a poet for ten years. Many people can be a poet for twenty years. Many people can be a poet for forty years. Many people can be a poet for sixty years. But do you really want to be a poet for eighty years? Many people can be a poet for eighty years.” I thought that was fucking hilarious. I don’t really know what I think about my influences anymore. Of course, there are writers and thinkers who have impacted me greatly through the years, but today it’s actually friendships with poets and people engaged in the kind of thought that I’m trying to engage with that is more influential. Which reminds me of another thing from Xi Chuan’s class, since I brought it up, where he was describing this poem (I can’t remember by whom, perhaps this is anachronistic, it was a long time ago now) in which the poet is traveling through the snow at night with a lantern, on a journey to see another poet and friend who lives in a distant place. And the idea is implicit in the poem, like, “I will only be able to make this trip a few more times in my life.” The finitude of that. Those kinds of connections are the best part about poetry and thinking and are essential to it, I think.

CBJ: How does your gender identity influence your practice? Has the style or content of your compositions changed since you transitioned?

NCF: I’m not sure whether there has been a stylistic change in general, and it is not like transition has a clear end date or finish line, so I guess we’ll have to see. But PDS did change after I began transitioning. The book’s composition began before I came out, and it spanned an extremely difficult period of my life where I felt like I couldn’t transition, and I guess I was writing through that, through my having given up on myself. I had an extremely hard time finding a publisher for it – it was rejected by every remotely “experimental” press in Canada – so when I finally did find a press who saw some worth in it elsewhere, I was already well into transition and I returned to the book and did modify some things. I added some new work and cut some old work, and I restructured both the first and last poems in major ways, in terms of both form and content. And even more changed during the editing of the book for publication. But I didn’t want to change it too much: as corny as this sounds, I wanted to honor the person who started this book, even if that meant leaving in things that even now can immediately bring me back to the pain and hatred and hopelessness I felt in the past. This process felt like being the editor for someone else’s posthumous collection, which I’m sure is something that other writers whose transition interrupts a major writing project can relate to.

CBJ: I read PDS more than once, finding the hybridity between-sections effective and powerful as, perhaps, an underlying statement about the fractured nature of psyche and perception, in particular, and of society and reality, in general. Nonetheless, it seems to me that the collection is open-ended, in form and in content; in other words, there seems to be no conceptual framework or marker [e.g., repetition of one or more than one element] unifying the text. Now that I reflect, however, perhaps, the technical meaning of “presence detection system,” as a coded sign of sensation or perception, is a metadevice running throughout the book. In any event, keeping in mind Marjorie Perloff’s idea that an author’s “choices” or selectivity can, themselves, unify a volume, how intentional were the formal features [e.g., “splicing” of sections] of PDS—more specifically, what is the text about, and what motivated you to write it?

NCF: I think that if there is an idea that I’m committed to as a poet it is the idea of the multiple, or the way that Badiou has described being as a “pure inconsistent multiple.” This isn’t the same as multiplicity (diversity) and it’s also not the same as multitude (manyness), because there is no “one” and are no “ones” in being. Yet, paradoxically, for Badiou being is also “univocal” – it somehow always ends up speaking and appearing as one. The contradictoriness inherent in this view of being says something about poetry, I think. I try not to read a poem more than once. I try to not write the same poem twice, to never use the same form twice, to avoid making the same book twice. But in that, there is something speaking, I hope. I don’t see what I do in terms of composition as selection or curation, so much as decision. A decision isn’t a choice. Decisions are in a way made for you, and only then do you decide upon them. You don’t decide upon what to bring together like a curator, i.e., one who cures, who picks out the pieces of meat that are going to be good for curing and makes jerky, a kind of deferred sustenance – you decide on which gaps in the multiple are the most essential to keeping the multiple multiple, and you build around those.

CBJ: Kenneth Goldsmith has said, “Conceptual writing obstinately makes no claims on originality. On the contrary, it employs intentionally self and ego effacing tactics using uncreativity, unoriginality, illegibility, appropriation, plagiarism, fraud, theft, and falsification as its precepts; information management, word processing, databasing, and extreme process as its methodologies; and boredom, valuelessness, and nutritionlessness as its ethos. Language as junk, language as detritus.” Do you identify with these propositions in any way? Do you consider PDS to be an example of “conceptual” poetry or writing? Do you intend PDS to be read? As an aside, I hope you intend for at least parts of the text to be read—I think “Coat” is excellent, “Prose” is fascinating, though I am not clear about whether the sections are appropriated material—if one needs to know that at all. In any event, what are your thoughts?

NCF: I appreciate you asking this question, because it’s a question that surrounded me as I was beginning to think about poetics, and it’s currently a question that most people consider to be passé or obsolete or closed. I have never identified with Conceptual Writing, and I despise it and its figureheads. My first book, Life Experience Coolant, was published in 2013 when this was a more timely conversation, and it includes a long poem that I described as a “conceptual memoir,” which looks like (and pretends to be) that kind of doctrinaire conceptual text but is in fact almost all “original” writing, made to be an imitation of appropriation. (Actually, one of the only sections of that poem that isn’t of my making is a transcription of a recording in which Marjorie Perloff awkwardly and unsuccessfully tries to get some kind of PowerPoint presentation to work for about five minutes.) One thing that this conceit allowed me to do, besides make fun of these kind of people, was talk about my first attempt to transition and be open about being trans in a way that was in fact the exact opposite of an “effacement of the self.” The joke was that if I came out within a poem that people thought they shouldn’t read, then I wouldn’t have to actually come out. No one got it, but it is still extremely funny to me! Which is another way of saying, yes, you should read things. In my view, Conceptual Writing constellated an array of techniques and methods – many of which I do still use and am interested in – but it also attributed fixed meanings to them, this “ethos” in the quote above which in the end is nihilistic and fascistic and born of privilege, which I disagree with on every point.

At the same time, I feel that in the wake of the well-deserved death of Conceptual Writing there has been a reaction that has uncritically swung poetics back into the realm of naturalism and lyricism. Rather than looking ahead, poets are now looking and identifying backwards, as if searching for a way forward through older aesthetic formations and oppositions. This is not a bad thing, but it has its risks. Now you have to confront the increasingly popular idea that poetry can only be political when it says that it is political, when the new “communist” poetry collection from the new “communist” press has poems in it with lines like “Gee I sure do enjoy partaking in the global proletarian uprising, comrade,” and the poet has a hammer and sickle in their Twitter bio. And when you’re a poet whose identity is in any way “marginalized” you also have to confront the increasingly popular idea that avant-garde and experimental practice can never be as expressive of or as true to your identity and experience as writing that is affectively direct, affectively recognizable, semantically communicative, semantically didactic. I was recently invited to an event for lesbian writers (where I would have been the only trans woman present), and the organizer asked me if my poetry dealt with lesbian or trans identity, because she “couldn’t tell by the look of it.” I have a poem in this book that is just a bunch of puns on Ja Rule’s name and various rule-based systems. Guess what: either that too is a lesbian poem and a trans poem (and a communist poem) because I’m trans and I’m a lesbian (and I’m a communist), or it’s just a poem because poems aren’t trans and poems aren’t lesbians (and poems aren’t communists). This is truly an open question, though, and it is one that I think should be left open because it is generative only when it is open.

CBJ: Writing on your Concordia University profile page, you state, “My research is concerned with the ways contemporary philosophical understandings of ontology and temporality as fundamentally contingent can inform the contested positionality of transgender life, subjectivity, and being. I am interested in how this contestation (and conversation with philosophy) expresses itself through literature and other media.” Can you expand on this statement for non-specialists—giving examples from the real world?

NCF: Some of what I’m thinking about in that statement and my research is probably already apparent in this interview. But I guess I just happen to think that trans people exist, that it is possible to be trans – you know, mostly because trans people exist and being trans is a real possibility, which for me means that insofar as sex and gender and identity exist, and this existence is not anywhere nil, it is possible for sex and gender and identity to change, not just in terms of becoming, but in terms of actual being, to change in a radical way (rupture, not emergence). Among other things, I’m trying to articulate that view of transness in a different philosophical register than it is usually articulated within.

CBJ: In part, due to my interest in Surrealism, I am wont to employ psychoanalytic paradigms in an attempt to mine unconscious motivation of the artist manifested in creative works, including, literature. Based upon my online research about you and your writing, it is my impression that you consider Psychoanalysis to be opposed to your project. If I am correct about this, please discuss your opposition to Freudian and, I would assume, Lacanian and, possibly, Kleinian, formulations. Surely, you understand that some will consider your work, your gender identity, as well as, your typological use of “mother” to be mediators of or, perhaps, to be erasures of, Oedipal constructs? Also, transgender identity might be interpreted as “identification,” in the Freudian sense—interpreted, further, as “twinning” [Lacan] or “doubling” [with both father and mother, male and female, subject and object].

NCF: I like to strew those things around as bait for the psychoanalysts. When I catch one I keep them in a jar in my basement. I’m running out of room in my basement!

CBJ: It is my impression that many young, and not so young, radical poets are averse to the academy and to theory; however, that posture does not seem to describe you. Is this something you’d care to comment on?

NCF: I think that there are two importantly different tendencies of this ‘aversion,’ and as a result we can talk about two different groups arising from them. I think that the first group comprises people who truly do reject any kind of value or potential in the academy and in theory. For them the university and anything resembling a tradition or canon of knowledge can only be the enemy. This first and more militant group either wants to destroy the institutions in which this kind of knowledge production takes place, or they simply want to exist fully outside of them; they have various reasons for this that you can contest, but they have reasons. The second group, however, comprises people who often come from the academy at some point or have some kind of orbital relationship to it; an open relationship. These people turn away from academia and theory due to an apparent disagreement about “tactics,” but they still share the same “strategy,” to evoke that old distinction. These people choose a different tactic – which today might take the form of autotheory, for example, or popular criticism, and is found everywhere in culture writing – that pretends to disdain the elitism of academic specialization and high theory, pretends to orient itself to an imaginary “mass audience,” but really the strategy is the same, in that it just lets one middle-to-upper-class subject orate to other middle-to-upper-class subjects, forming a kind of therapeutic relationship that enables those subjects to find catharsis for their horizontally-mobile guilt and bad faith.

This group of pragmatists dilutes the exact same kinds of knowledge produced in the institutions of scholarship and theory, and they use the exact same tools, hidden behind the curtain of style, but they do so in a piecemeal fashion that is loyal to nothing, as if one can treat the history of thought as a kind of Build-a-Bear workshop that will allow one to make intellectual history and truth about the world as it is conform to one’s ideological goals. (This also takes place within the academy, and always has, of course.) I disagree with both groups. But I respect the writers and thinkers who can be placed in that first group a lot more than the “public intellectuals” of the second. At least the militants have made a real decision about where and how thought should proceed toward an emancipatory and revolutionary project. I’ve just made a different decision. Making a decision, one which can’t be retracted is difficult no matter where and who you are. And I think that as the university and institutions like it wither away (and they are clearly withering away) the position of people like me who think something can still be done with this where and how will converge more with that first group than the second.

CBJ: What are you reading now, and what authors would you recommend to your audience?

NCF: In terms of theory I’ve just started reading Calvin L. Warren’s book Ontological Terror, and in terms of poetry I’ve just finished reading Catherine Christer Hennix’s new Selected Works. In terms of authors to recommend, I will just list some poets (some of whom I know, some of whom I don’t) whose presence has inspired me in the last year: Anne-Marie Albiach, Bianca Messinger, Simone White, Mark Francis Johnson, Ted Rees, Stephanie Creaghan, Will Alexander, Diana Sue Hamilton, and Nicole Raziya Fong.

CBJ: Can you share anything about your future projects. What are your post-doctoral plans?

NCF: I have another book of poetry coming out in 2020 called Thee Display, which is about astrology, communism, my dead dog, transition, the sea, and some other things. It’s going to be published through the Documents series with Anteism Press, a Montreal publisher. As for post-doctoral plans, I have no idea. It’s a long ways off. I hope I can find a way to keep doing what I’ve been doing so far: reading, thinking, living, working, the usual.

CBJ: Is there anything else you’d like your audience to know about your identity and role as an experimental writer, about your practice, or about other matters?

NCF: You first.

CBJ: I’ll take you up on that by saying I intend to appropriate your notion of “imitating appropriation”—the phrase has so much “interpretive power,” as Helen Vendler would say. Thank you for your many cogent insights and opinions expressed in this interview, Nora.

NORA COLLEN FULTON is a poet living in Montreal. Her first book, Life Experience Coolant, was published by Bookthug. Presence Detection System is her second collection of poems, and her third, Thee Display, is forthcoming next year through the Documents Series, co-produced by the Center for Expanded Poetics and Anteism Books. She currently occupies herself with doctoral studies; her research attempts to apply debates in philosophy regarding the relationship between ontology and mathematics to the ontological stakes of trans studies.

 

CLARA B. JONES is a Knowledge Worker practicing in Silver Spring, MD, USA. Among other writings, she is author of the poetry collection, /feminine nature/ [GaussPDF, 2017]. Clara also conducts research on experimental literature, as well as art & technology.

With a Cheek to the Fire: A Conversation with Alexus Erin on her new chapbook, ST. JOHN’S WORT

(Animal Heart Press, 2019)

INTERVIEW BY KATE HOYLE

__

Poet Alexus Erin talks about her debut collection, about the poet as specter, about ritual, politic, and writing to a “capital G God”

Kate Hoyle: There’s so much that this collection is doing, let’s get right into it. St. John’s Wort feels interested in the space between word and feeling, as introduced in the collection’s first poem “June 9th, 2015”. Have you felt these poems as vehicles to bring language closer to truth/experience?

Alexus Erin: I think not just in the first poem, but in all of my work, I’m interested in how my explication of the feeling, my explanation of the feeling, how close it is to the word as it would be read by my reader. I am very interested in semiotics and etymology. In these layers of meaning. So yes, the distance between the word and the feeling, I try to draw a mirror to that space, knowing that a word will never sum it up, but I‘m gonna get as close as I can. In one of my poems, not in this collection, I note how the word blessing comes originally from “to make bleed”. Which is that poem… ah it’s called “Great Black Hope”.

KH: That title. Would you talk about how these poems speak from within and also sort of push up against the expectations of identity?

AE: I’m really interested in all of my work the sort of narratives that we normally subscribe to, particularly as someone who has identities at marginalized intersections, that poem is very much about what it means for the individual when considering the perception of the audience. I draw from WEB Dubois’s idea of double consciousness, the idea of knowing how you’re perceived, by an Other, by an audience, as a Black person. In “Great Black Hope” I bring this concept to my own experience in the world of academia. I attended a largely white, K through 12 private school and there was a black admissions counselor who would call me and my brother “Great Black Hope”. I must have been only eleven, so my brother was eight. To hear that, to be expected to perform to that, it’s a lot. I think Muhammed Ali was called that, I’ve heard it in reference to Obama, but one person can not be the singular hope for a people. That poem is about aspiration and expectations and how a person is not a narrative, a person has one.

KH: There is a holiness present in the world of these poems – They seem to be in relationship with the divine, both in direct conversation with a “capital G” God and also in the intimate sort of rituals they embody, Could you say something about that?

AE: A lot of my poems are kind of like prayers and petitions–when we think of praying, we might think about praises, and about asking a capital-G God for something, but many of my poems say to God “hey, look at what I’m experiencing” and that sounds almost inflated, but because I am a woman of faith and I feel I have a direct relationship with God, it’s almost like saying, “look Dad, this is what I am experiencing, can you see what I’m seeing and feel what I’m feeling?”And there’s a duality in who I’m calling Dad. In some poems, I’m talking about my biological father, and I talk to a heavenly father in others. I think they reference one another. And because God in these poems is linked to the more sobering ideas of death, violence, invasion, and illness, the holiness of the poems themselves does its best to counteract that darkness and acknowledge the inherent holiness in all living things.

KH: I think it does that successfully, there’s a balance, a magic inside the grief. And I wonder about the role of the natural world in these poems, and how it relates to the intimate, and the political? I was reading the collection in Golden Gate Park and as I arrived at the end of this poem, a red tailed hawk landed on the grass just ten feet from me. I’ve never seen a hawk land on the earth before, it felt a certain kind of blessing.

AE: I’m fascinated by that – I tend to ascribe meaning to all things, but I’d really love to know what that means. I don’t think that I am naturally a ‘nature person.’ I spend a lot of time in cities, but the fact that there are other things living that are witness–that serves as another character and another voice – there are times when I am in conversation with nature because, like God, nature is the other thing that sees everything.

KH: Hmm, yes. I love this quote, from your piece in The Poetry Question, that says “As a young, Black, woman poet, the political is paramount and ultimately inextricable to informing my experience; […] Poetry facilitates a platform to express larger political concerns- be they of the mass failures of global powers and self-sick demagogues, to the politics of the body and identity”. This collection holds a vital tension, an intimacy between the historical, the political and the personal. I’m thinking of Coretta Scott in “Black Girl Prayerbook”, of the speaker’s father in “St. John’s Wort”.

AE: I’m always interested in domestic space because of its intimacy and because of the gendering location it has for women, that it can be a space of liberation and has certainly been a space of subjugation. When it comes to “Black Girl Prayerbook” and Coretta Scott specifically, I wanted to imbue an image in the poem of the contrast between the joy of time with her family at the dinner table, against the tragic and turbulent outside. I was writing that poem not too long after Ferguson. I was living in Switzerland, going to class and spending time with friends and at the same time thinking about the plight of my people back home. These things always happen at the same time, and we’ll always experience them at the same time. There’s also the scene in that poem of our music teacher who had been there and marched. She taught us the black national anthem (at this largely white school K-12) and she got so emotional. I never forgot the image of her, that she was re-living the bloodbath of the civil rights movement, that we weren’t there for. This poem and the collection are interested in that dynamic, being aware of, versus not being aware of, acting in the context of the event and acting outside of the context of the event.

KH: You mentioned that most of these poems are coming from a first-person speaker and I wanted to ask, particularly in “Black Girl Prayerbook”, who is speaking, and to whom?

AE: A lot of these poems I wrote in 2014-2015, so immediately I want to say that it’s me writing a letter to God, telling him what I see, how I can go to class and have an argument about morality versus ethics and then go on the internet and watch Missouri burn. Saying to God, look at these two lives I have to lead. Now, interestingly enough, that the poems are being published, and when I read them, it feels like me talking to that me from back then, who was talking to God. I have a spectral relationship with the work, almost phantasmic as if I’m talking to things that don’t exist anymore but that definitely existed, and that in the reading of them I return into that portal somehow. The poems are almost like a reminder—like writing little clues to myself, the way it presents it is that I am talking to God or to my dad or to nature, but it feels like writing myself a secret note, in a code that only I would know how to decode – that’s at least what it’s like when I’m writing.

KH: I love that, I feel that too, that my poems are often something like a “Note to Self, for Survival”. Thinking of survival, this collection does not deal in insignificances. You really address and are able to hold some of the bigger elements of this human beingness. The book brought me into and through a journey of grief and loss, as well as one of wonder, of witnessing. And I really feel these poems wielding the power to resurrect. Do you want to share about the titular poem and how it holds the whole?

AE: St John’s Wort touches on a couple of critical points. That poem oscillates around a difficult time when I was witnessing a lot of difficult things, one of them being my father having an aneurysm. The idea of losing a parent, of losing what he meant to me, the idea of not having a future with my father, somehow the idea held maybe more darkness. The idea that there would be no hope, had a particular sinister quality to me. That poem lives where I feel like I’ve pressed my cheek against the glass of that sort of loss, where being that close almost feels like the loss already happened.

KH: Are there any poems or writers that you remember offering a touchstone, helping you through that time?

AE: I’m a huge Michael Dickman fan. His work has a lot to do with scenes surrounding violence and the suburban, the creeping dark that can accompany the quotidian, as well as flashes of light, flashes of miracle, the supernatural. I’ve actually met him several times, I‘ve told him about this book. His work is amazing, it’s gotten me through so much.

KH: Such a gift and I think a particular power of poetry, to bring us through some of the narrow places. I feel your work doing that. Ok, do you want to talk about form? The poems in this collection take a range of shapes and structures…

AE: Yes. I mostly follow my intuition, but I am a huge fan of the miracle of enjambment, and all the types of meaning aligned space can bring. In my work a lot of the time I am very attentive to and giving a lot of intention to where the lines break. And I’m always a huge champion of space on the page, and space when you’re reading. I think as a person I can forget to breathe, so when looking at my poetry, having that space there reminds me where the breath is supposed to be, where the living is.

KH: Mm, yes. Yes. How are you spending your time now? You’re working on your Ph.D. in Medical Sociology in Manchester—that seems like a lot. Are you taking a breath, a pause from writing, are you writing new poems?

AE: I let the poems make the decision, which is a real choice. So a lot of the time they absolutely just happen anyway. I might intend to do some science, and the poem just says no. When I, God willing, travel to Australia to interview aboriginal women about their experience of birth, I am going to add poetry as a method. So as part of my research, these women will have the opportunity to write poetry about the lived experiences of their pregnancy and about the experience of their care. I think poetic inquiry can be a wonderful method and that it’s terribly underused. I might be the only medical sociologist who thinks so. Some colleagues have said, “well what can a poem tell you?” My response is, literally what couldn’t it tell you.

KH: Exactly. That’s incredible. Yes, the entire worlds contained in a poem. As we close, is there anything else that you want to say?

AE: I guess I’d like to say that a lot of these poems worked very well as a coping mechanism amidst very painful and difficult things happening. So some of these lines are really truly artifacts of older harms. That alone has such value to me. There was a me who was in there. I couldn’t put my pain on pause—I picked up a pen, I came up with something, and I decided to keep it and trust it. To me more than anything that’s the value of a lot of these poems, that they’re still standing there in the heat of the fire. I don’t know how much advice I can give to other poets, but if your work is still close to that heat, I think you’re reader will be able to feel it.

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ALEXUS ERIN is an American poet, performer, and Ph.D. candidate living in the UK. Her poetry has previously appeared in Potluck Magazine, The Melanin Collective, The Nervous Breakdown, The Audacity, American Society of Young Poets, God Is in the TV, LEVELER, Red Flag Poetry, Silk + Smoke and a host of others. She is the author of Two Birds, All Moon (Gap Riot Press) and Cartoon Logic, Cartoon Violence (Cervena Barva Press). She was the 2018 Poet Fellow of the Leopardi Writers Conference and a performer at Edinburgh Fringe Festival (2018). Her screenplay, American Lotus Project, won the screenwriting award at Temple University’s Diamond Film Festival (2015). When Alexus isn’t writing, dancing, singing, comedy-ing or researching maternal/child health, find her growing plants in your walls as the co-founder of Wallflower Hydroponics, and trying to catch up on sleep.

KATE HOYLE was raised in Moraga, California. Her work has been published in Scoundrel Time, The Tupelo Press 30/30 Project, and Typishly. She is an MFA candidate in Poetry at the Warren Wilson Program for Writers.